06 September 2025



Q1) ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ āϏাāϞে ‘āϏাāϏāϟেāχāύেāĻŦāϞ āĻāĻ­িāϝ়েāĻļāύ āĻĢুāϝ়েāϞ (SAF) āĻĢিāϜিāĻŦিāϞিāϟি āϏ্āϟাāĻĄি’ āĻ•োāύ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖাāϞāϝ় āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে?
Which ministry published the Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Feasibility Study in 2025?

  • a) āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖাāϞāϝ় \ Ministry of Environment
  • b) āĻĒেāϟ্āϰোāϞিāϝ়াāĻŽ āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āĻ—্āϝাāϏ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖাāϞāϝ় \ Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas
  • c) āĻŦেāϏাāĻŽāϰিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻŽাāύ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāĻšāύ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖাāϞāϝ় \ Ministry of Civil Aviation
  • d) āύীāϤি āφāϝ়োāĻ— \ NITI Aayog
Answer: c) āĻŦেāϏাāĻŽāϰিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻŽাāύ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāĻšāύ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖাāϞāϝ় \ Ministry of Civil Aviation

Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Feasibility Study – India (2025)

🔹 āωāĻĻ্āĻŦোāϧāύāĻ•াāϰী | Launched by

✔ āĻŦেāϏাāĻŽāϰিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻŽাāύ āϚāϞাāϚāϞ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻ• (MoCA) – ICAO (ACT-SAF) āĻ“ āχāωāϰোāĻĒীāϝ় āχāωāύিāϝ়āύেāϰ āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤাāϝ়

✔ Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA) – with ICAO (ACT-SAF) and EU support

🔹 āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ | Aim

✔ āĻŦাāϝ়োāĻŽাāϏ/āĻ•ৃāώি-āĻ…āĻŦāĻļিāώ্āϟাংāĻļেāϰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­াāĻŦāύা āĻŽূāϞ্āϝাāϝ়āύ

✔ Assess biomass/agri-residue potential

✔ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒাāĻĻāύ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āĻ“ āĻĒāϰিāĻ•াāĻ াāĻŽোāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤি āύিāϰ্āĻŖāϝ়

✔ Assess production pathways & infra readiness

✔ āύীāϤি āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύীāϝ়āϤা āϚিāĻš্āύিāϤāĻ•āϰāĻŖ

✔ Identify policy needs

🔹 āϟাāϰ্āĻ—েāϟ | Targets

✔ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍⧭ āϏাāϞেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে ā§§% SAF āĻŦ্āϞেāύ্āĻĄিং

✔ 1% SAF blending by 2027

✔ ⧍ā§Ļā§¨ā§Ž āϏাāϞেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে ⧍% SAF āĻŦ্āϞেāύ্āĻĄিং

✔ 2% SAF blending by 2028

✔ ⧍ā§Ļā§Šā§Ļ āϏাāϞেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে ā§Ģ% SAF āĻŦ্āϞেāύ্āĻĄিং

✔ 5% SAF blending by 2030

➡️ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āύিāϰ্āϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›ে CORSIA-āϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻŽāĻž্āϜāϏ্āϝ āϰেāĻ–ে

➡️ Targets aligned with CORSIA

🔹 āωāĻĒāĻ•াāϰিāϤা | Benefits

✔ āϏāϰ্āĻŦোāϚ্āϚ ā§Žā§Ļ% āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ CO₂ āύিāϰ্āĻ—āĻŽāύ āĻš্āϰাāϏ

✔ Up to 80% lower CO₂ emissions

✔ āĻ…āĻĒāϰিāĻļোāϧিāϤ āϤেāϞ āφāĻŽāĻĻাāύি ⧍ā§Ļ–⧍ā§Ģ āĻāĻŽāϟি/āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻ•āĻŽাāĻŦে

✔ Reduce crude imports (20–25 MT/year)

✔ āĻ•ৃāώāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āφāϝ় āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻĒাāĻŦে

✔ Boost farmer income

🔹 āχāĻ­েāύ্āϟ | Event

✔ āĻĻু’āĻĻিāύāĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒী āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāĻļাāϞা – āωāĻĻাāύ āĻ­āĻŦāύ, āύāϝ়াāĻĻিāϞ্āϞি

✔ Two-day workshop – Udaan Bhawan, New Delhi

✔ āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖāĻ•াāϰী: ICAO, EASA, DGCA, āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāύিāϧি

✔ Participants: ICAO, EASA, DGCA, industry reps

Q2) āĻāύāĻĄিāϟিāĻāϞ (NDTL)-āĻāϰ ⧍⧍āϤāĻŽ āĻ—āĻ­āϰ্āύিং āĻŦāĻĄি āĻŽিāϟিং āĻ•োāĻĨাāϝ় āĻ…āύুāώ্āĻ িāϤ āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›িāϞ?
Where was the 22nd Governing Body Meeting of NDTL held?

  • a) āĻ—ুāϝ়াāĻšাāϟি \ Guwahati
  • b) āύāϝ়াāĻĻিāϞ্āϞি \ New Delhi
  • c) āĻŽুāĻŽ্āĻŦাāχ \ Mumbai
  • d) āĻŦেāĻ™্āĻ—াāϞুāϰু \ Bengaluru
Answer: b) āύāϝ়াāĻĻিāϞ্āϞি \ New Delhi

Indigenous Anti-Doping Reference Material (2025)

🔹 āωāĻĻ্āĻŦোāϧāύāĻ•াāϰী | Launched by

✔ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰী⧟ āĻ•্āϰীāĻĄ়া āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āĻŽāύāϏুāĻ– āĻŽাāĻŖ্āĻĄাāĻ­িāϝ়া

✔ Union Sports Minister Mansukh Mandaviya

🔹 āωāĻĻ্āĻ­াāĻŦāĻ• āϏংāϏ্āĻĨা | Developed by

✔ āύ্āϝাāĻļāύাāϞ āĻĄোāĻĒ āϟেāϏ্āϟিং āϞ্āϝাāĻŦāϰেāϟāϰি (NDTL)

✔ National Dope Testing Laboratory (NDTL)

✔ NIPER – āĻ—ুāϝ়াāĻšাāϟি (National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research)

🔹 āĻŽূāϞ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ | Key Features

✔ āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύ: Methandienone Long-Term Metabolite (LTM)

✔ Material: Methandienone Long-Term Metabolite (LTM)

✔ āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ: āĻ…্āϝাāύ্āϟি-āĻĄোāĻĒিং āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώাāϝ় āϏāĻ িāĻ• āĻŽাāύ āύিāϰ্āϧাāϰāĻŖেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϏ্āϟ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄাāϰ্āĻĄ āϰেāĻĢাāϰেāύ্āϏ āĻŽ্āϝাāϟেāϰিāϝ়াāϞ

✔ Purpose: Standard reference for accurate anti-doping tests

✔ āĻŦৈāĻļ্āĻŦিāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ: āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϤ WADA āĻ…āύুāĻŽোāĻĻিāϤ āϞ্āϝাāĻŦে āϏāϰāĻŦāϰাāĻš āĻ•āϰা āĻšāĻŦে

✔ Global Use: To be supplied to all WADA-accredited labs

✔ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ: āφāϤ্āĻŽāύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰ āĻ­াāϰāϤ āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—েāϰ āĻ…āϧীāύে āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻেāĻļীāϝ় āϏংāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖ

✔ Significance: First indigenous synthesis under Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative


National Dope Testing Laboratory (NDTL)

🔹 āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ া | Established

✔ ⧧⧝⧝ā§Ļ āϏাāϞে (āĻĄোāĻĒ āĻ•āύ্āϟ্āϰোāϞ āϏেāύ্āϟাāϰ, āύāϝ়াāĻĻিāϞ্āϞি āύাāĻŽে)

✔ 1990 (as Dope Control Centre, New Delhi)

✔ ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ž āϏাāϞে āύাāĻŽāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻšāϝ় NDTL

✔ Renamed as NDTL in 2008

🔹 āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ | Location

✔ āύāϝ়াāĻĻিāϞ্āϞি

✔ New Delhi

🔹 āĻŽāϰ্āϝাāĻĻা | Status

✔ āĻ­াāϰāϤে WADA āĻ…āύুāĻŽোāĻĻিāϤ āϞ্āϝাāĻŦ

✔ WADA-accredited laboratory in India

🔹 āĻ•াāϰ্āϝাāĻŦāϞি | Functions

✔ āĻ•্āϰীāĻĄ়াāĻŦিāĻĻāĻĻেāϰ āύāĻŽুāύাāϰ āĻĄোāĻĒ āϟেāϏ্āϟ āĻĒāϰিāϚাāϞāύা

✔ Conducts dope testing of athletes’ samples

✔ āϰেāĻĢাāϰেāύ্āϏ āĻŽ্āϝাāϟেāϰিāϝ়াāϞ āĻ“ āφāϧুāύিāĻ• āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ āωāύ্āύāϝ়āύ

✔ Develops reference materials & advanced testing techniques

✔ āύ্āϝাāĻļāύাāϞ āĻ…্āϝাāύ্āϟি-āĻĄোāĻĒিং āĻāϜেāύ্āϏি (NADA)-āĻ•ে āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤা āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ

✔ Supports National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA) in enforcing anti-doping rules

🔹 āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ | Significance

✔ āĻ–েāϞাāϧুāϞাāϝ় āύ্āϝাāϝ়āϏংāĻ—āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϝোāĻ—িāϤা āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ āĻ•āϰা

✔ Ensures fair play in sports

✔ āĻ­াāϰāϤে āĻĄোāĻĒāĻŦিāϰোāϧী āϞāĻĄ়াāχāĻ•ে āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āĻ•āϰা

✔ Strengthens India’s fight against doping

Q3) āĻĢাāχāϜাāϰ āχāύ্āĻĄোāĻ­েāĻļāύ āϏāĻŽāĻোāϤা āϏ্āĻŽাāϰāĻ• (MoU) āĻ•োāύ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰি āϏংāϏ্āĻĨাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ•্āώāϰিāϤ āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›ে?
The Pfizer INDovation MoU was signed with which government body?

  • a) āĻĄিāĻŦিāϟি \ DBT
  • b) āφāχāϏিāĻāĻŽāφāϰ \ ICMR
  • c) āĻĄিāĻĒিāφāχāφāχāϟি \ DPIIT
  • d) āύীāϤি āφāϝ়োāĻ— \ NITI Aayog
Answer: c) āĻĄিāĻĒিāφāχāφāχāϟি \ DPIIT

🤝 DPIIT – Pfizer āϏāĻŽāĻোāϤা āϏ্āĻŽাāϰāĻ• | DPIIT – Pfizer MoU

🔹 āĻŽূāϞ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ | Key Facts

✔ āϏāĻŽāĻোāϤা āϏ্āĻŽাāϰāĻ• āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ•্āώāϰিāϤ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে: DPIIT & Pfizer India

✔ MoU signed between: DPIIT & Pfizer India

✔ āĻĒ্āϰোāĻ—্āϰাāĻŽ: Pfizer INDovation

✔ Programme: Pfizer INDovation

✔ āϏāĻšা⧟āϤা: āϏāϰ্āĻŦোāϚ্āϚ ₹60 āϞāĻ•্āώ āĻ…āύুāĻĻাāύ + ā§§ā§Ž āĻŽাāϏেāϰ āχāύāĻ•িāωāĻŦেāĻļāύ (Social Alpha-āĻāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে)

✔ Support: Grants up to ₹60 lakh + 18-month incubation via Social Alpha

✔ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻĢোāĻ•াāϏ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰ:

➡️ āĻ…āϏংāĻ•্āϰাāĻŽāĻ• āϰোāĻ— (NCDs), āĻ…āύāĻ•োāϞāϜি (āĻ•্āϝাāύ্āϏাāϰ), āĻŽāϏ্āϤিāώ্āĻ• āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ, āĻŽাāϤৃ āĻ“ āĻļিāĻļু āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ, āϟিāĻ•াāĻĻাāύ

➡️ Focus areas: NCDs, oncology, brain health, maternal-child health, immunization

✔ āϏāĻšা⧟āϤা āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ:

➡️ āĻŽেāύ্āϟāϰāĻļিāĻĒ, āĻ…āĻŦāĻ•াāĻ াāĻŽো, Pfizer Chennai R&D āĻ…্āϝাāĻ•্āϏেāϏ, āĻŦৈāĻļ্āĻŦিāĻ• āύেāϟāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ্āĻ•

➡️ Support provided: Mentorship, infra, R&D access (Pfizer Chennai), global networks

✔ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ: MedTech āϏ্āϟাāϰ্āϟāφāĻĒāĻ—ুāϞিāĻ•ে āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āĻ•āϰা āĻ“ āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝāϏেāĻŦা āωāĻĻ্āĻ­াāĻŦāύ āχāĻ•োāϏিāϏ্āϟেāĻŽ āωāύ্āύāϤ āĻ•āϰা

✔ Significance: Boosts MedTech startups, strengthens healthcare innovation ecosystem


🏛️ DPIIT (āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒ āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ­্āϝāύ্āϤāϰীāĻŖ āĻŦাāĻŖিāϜ্āϝ āωāύ্āύāϝ়āύ āĻĻāĻĒ্āϤāϰ) | DPIIT (Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade)

✔ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ া: ⧧⧝⧝ā§Ģ (DIPP āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে; ⧍ā§Ļ⧧⧝-āĻ DPIIT āύাāĻŽāĻ•āϰāĻŖ)

✔ Established: 1995 (as DIPP, renamed DPIIT in 2019)

✔ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖাāϞāϝ়: āĻŦাāĻŖিāϜ্āϝ āĻ“ āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖাāϞāϝ়

✔ Ministry: Ministry of Commerce & Industry

✔ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻ•াāϜ:

➡️ āĻāĻĢāĻĄিāφāχ, āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি, āϏ্āϟাāϰ্āϟāφāĻĒ āĻ“ āĻŽেāϧাāϏ্āĻŦāϤ্āĻŦ (IPR) āϏংāĻ•্āϰাāύ্āϤ āύীāϤি āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖāϝ়āύ

➡️ Startup India āĻ“ Make in India āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ— āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦাāϝ়āύ

➡️ Ease of Doing Business āĻ“ āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϝোāĻ—িāϤাāĻŽূāϞāĻ•āϤা āωāύ্āύāϝ়āύ

➡️ Functions: FDI, industrial growth, startups, IPR policies; Implements Startup India & Make in India; Promotes Ease of Doing Business & competitiveness


💊 Pfizer India

✔ āĻŽূāϞ āϏংāϏ্āĻĨা: Pfizer Inc. (U.S.-based pharma major)

✔ Parent company: Pfizer Inc. (U.S.-based pharma major)

✔ āĻ­াāϰāϤে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ া: ⧧⧝ā§Ģā§Ļ

✔ Established in India: 1950

✔ āϏāĻĻāϰ āĻĻāĻĒ্āϤāϰ: āĻŽুāĻŽ্āĻŦাāχ

✔ Headquarters: Mumbai

✔ āĻĢোāĻ•াāϏ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰ: āĻĢাāϰ্āĻŽাāϏিāωāϟিāĻ•্āϝাāϞāϏ, āĻ­্āϝাāĻ•āϏিāύ, āĻ…āύāĻ•োāϞāϜি, āĻ•াāϰ্āĻĄিāĻ“āϞāϜি, āĻ…্āϝাāύ্āϟি-āχāύāĻĢেāĻ•āϟিāĻ­āϏ

✔ Focus areas: Pharmaceuticals, vaccines, oncology, cardiology, anti-infectives

✔ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ: āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ āĻ…āύ্āϝāϤāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻŦāĻšুāϜাāϤিāĻ• āĻĢাāϰ্āĻŽা āĻ•োāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύি; āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ āĻ—āĻŦেāώāĻŖা āĻ“ āϜāύāϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—ে āϏāĻšāϝোāĻ—িāϤা āĻ•āϰে

✔ Significance: One of India’s leading MNC pharma companies; collaborates in healthcare R&D and public health initiatives

Q4) āϏেāĻĒ্āϟেāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ-āĻ āĻ­াāϰāϤ āϏāĻĢāϰāĻ•াāϰী āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āϞāϰেāύ্āϏ āĻ“ং āĻ•োāύ āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ?
Prime Minister Lawrence Wong, who visited India in September 2025, belongs to which country?

  • a) āĻŽাāϞāϝ়েāĻļিāϝ়া \ Malaysia
  • b) āϏিāĻ™্āĻ—াāĻĒুāϰ \ Singapore
  • c) āĻĨাāχāϞ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄ \ Thailand
  • d) āχāύ্āĻĻোāύেāĻļিāϝ়া \ Indonesia
Answer: b) āϏিāĻ™্āĻ—াāĻĒুāϰ \ Singapore

India–Singapore Relations (September 2025)

🔹 āϘāϟāύা | Event

✔ āϏিāĻ™্āĻ—াāĻĒুāϰেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āϞāϰেāύ্āϏ āĻ“ং ā§Ē āϏেāĻĒ্āϟেāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ āϤাāϰিāĻ–ে āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ āϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰāĻĒāϤি āĻĻ্āϰৌāĻĒāĻĻী āĻŽুāϰ্āĻŽু-āϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰāĻĒāϤি āĻ­āĻŦāύে āϏাāĻ•্āώাā§Ž āĻ•āϰেāύ।

✔ Prime Minister of Singapore Lawrence Wong called on President of India, Smt. Droupadi Murmu at Rashtrapati Bhavan on 4 September 2025.

🔹 āĻĒ্āϰেāĻ•্āώাāĻĒāϟ | Context

✔ āĻ­াāϰāϤ–āϏিāĻ™্āĻ—াāĻĒুāϰāĻ•ে āϘāύিāώ্āĻ  āĻ…ংāĻļীāĻĻাāϰ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ।

✔ India’s Act East Policy āĻ“ Indo-Pacific Vision-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āϏāĻ™্āĻ—āϤি āϜোāϰ āĻĻেāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻšā§Ÿ।

✔ Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (2015)-āĻāϰ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻāĻŦং āϚāϞāĻŽাāύ āϏāĻšāϝোāĻ—িāϤা āϤুāϞে āϧāϰা āĻšā§Ÿ → āϏāĻŦুāϜ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύীāϤি, āĻŽāĻšাāĻ•াāĻļ, āĻŦিāĻŽাāύ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāĻšāύ, āĻĢিāύāϟেāĻ•, āĻĻāĻ•্āώāϤা āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ।

✔ Underscored India–Singapore as close partners, aligned with Act East Policy and Indo-Pacific vision.

✔ Mentioned Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (2015) and collaboration in green economy, space, aviation, fintech, and skill development.


🌏 āϏিāĻ™্āĻ—াāĻĒুāϰ | Singapore

🔹 āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ | Location

✔ āĻĻāĻ•্āώিāĻŖ-āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦ āĻāĻļিāϝ়াāϰ āĻĻ্āĻŦীāĻĒ āĻļāĻšāϰ-āϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰ, āĻŽাāϞāϝ় āωāĻĒāĻĻ্āĻŦীāĻĒেāϰ āĻļীāϰ্āώে।

✔ Island city-state in Southeast Asia, at the tip of the Malay Peninsula.

🔹 āϰাāϜāϧাāύী | Capital

✔ āϏিāĻ™্āĻ—াāĻĒুāϰ (āĻāĻ•āχ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ“ āĻļāĻšāϰ)

✔ Singapore (both city and country).

🔹 āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰ | Government

✔ āϏংāϏāĻĻীāϝ় āĻĒ্āϰāϜাāϤāύ্āϤ্āϰ

✔ Parliamentary Republic

🔹 āϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰāĻĒāϤি | President

✔ āĻĨাāϰāĻŽ্āϝাāύ āĻļাāύāĻŽুāĻ—াāϰāϤ্āύāĻŽ (⧍ā§Ļā§¨ā§Š āĻĨেāĻ•ে)

✔ Tharman Shanmugaratnam (since 2023)

🔹 āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী | Prime Minister

✔ āϞāϰেāύ্āϏ āĻ“ং (āĻŽে ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ē āĻĨেāĻ•ে)

✔ Lawrence Wong (since May 2024)

🔹 āĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰা | Currency

✔ āϏিāĻ™্āĻ—াāĻĒুāϰ āĻĄāϞাāϰ (SGD)

✔ Singapore Dollar (SGD)

🔹 āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰি āĻ­াāώা | Official Languages

✔ āχংāϰেāϜি, āĻŽাāϞāϝ় (āϜাāϤীāϝ় āĻ­াāώা), āĻŽাāύ্āĻĻাāϰিāύ, āϤাāĻŽিāϞ

✔ English, Malay (national language), Mandarin, Tamil

🔹 āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύীāϤি | Economy

✔ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦ āĻŦাāĻŖিāϜ্āϝ, āĻĢিāύাāύ্āϏ āĻ“ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāĻšāύেāϰ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ

✔ āĻļীāϰ্āώāϏ্āĻĨাāύীāϝ় āĻ–াāϤ: āĻĢিāύāϟেāĻ•, āĻŦাāϝ়োāϟেāĻ•āύোāϞāϜি, āĻļিāĻĒিং

✔ Global hub for trade, finance, and transport

✔ Leading in fintech, biotechnology, shipping

🔹 āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞāĻ—āϤ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ | Strategic Importance

✔ āφāϏিāϝ়াāύ, āχāύ্āĻĻো-āĻĒ্āϝাāϏিāĻĢিāĻ• āĻ“ āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ Act East Policy-āϤে āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া

✔ Key player in ASEAN, Indo-Pacific, and India’s Act East Policy

🔹 āĻ­াāϰāϤ–āϏিāĻ™্āĻ—াāĻĒুāϰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ• | India–Singapore Ties

✔ ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ģ āϏাāϞ āĻĨেāĻ•ে Comprehensive Strategic Partnership

✔ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϰāĻ•্āώা, āĻĢিāύāϟেāĻ•, āĻĻāĻ•্āώāϤা āωāύ্āύāϝ়āύ āĻ“ āϏāĻŦুāϜ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύীāϤিāϤে āϏāĻšāϝোāĻ—িāϤা

✔ Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (2015)

✔ Cooperation in defence, fintech, skill development, and green economy

Q5) āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻ•োāύ āĻĻেāĻļ ⧍ā§Ŧāϟি āĻŦāĻĄ় āϏোāĻļ্āϝাāϞ āĻŽিāĻĄিāϝ়া āĻĒ্āϞ্āϝাāϟāĻĢāϰ্āĻŽ āϝেāĻŽāύ āĻĢেāϏāĻŦুāĻ•, āχāωāϟিāωāĻŦ, āχāύāϏ্āϟাāĻ—্āϰাāĻŽ, āĻāĻ•্āϏ, āĻšোāϝ়াāϟāϏāĻ…্āϝাāĻĒ āĻŦ্āϞāĻ• āĻ•āϰাāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻĻিāϝ়েāĻ›ে?
Which country recently ordered the blocking of 26 major social media platforms like Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, X, and WhatsApp?

  • a) āĻ­ুāϟাāύ \ Bhutan
  • b) āĻļ্āϰীāϞāĻ™্āĻ•া \ Sri Lanka
  • c) āύেāĻĒাāϞ \ Nepal
  • d) āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ \ Bangladesh
Answer: c) āύেāĻĒাāϞ \ Nepal

đŸ“ĩ āύেāĻĒাāϞ – āϏোāĻļ্āϝাāϞ āĻŽিāĻĄিāϝ়া āύিāώেāϧাāϜ্āĻžা (āϏেāĻĒ্āϟেāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ)
đŸ“ĩ Nepal – Social Media Ban (September 2025)

🔹 āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•্āώেāĻĒ | Action

✔ āύেāĻĒাāϞ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰ ⧍ā§Ŧāϟি āϏোāĻļ্āϝাāϞ āĻŽিāĻĄিāϝ়া āĻĒ্āϞ্āϝাāϟāĻĢāϰ্āĻŽে āύিāώেāϧাāϜ্āĻžা āϜাāϰি āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে (Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, X, WhatsApp, LinkedIn āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি)।

✔ Nepal banned 26 social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, X, WhatsApp, LinkedIn, etc.).

🔹 āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ | Reason

✔ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰী āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻŽাāύেāύি → āϏ্āĻĨাāύী⧟ āĻ…āĻĢিāϏ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ, āĻ…āĻ­িāϝোāĻ— āύিāώ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤি āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāĻ•āϰ্āϤা (grievance officer) āύি⧟োāĻ— āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϞ্āϝাāϟāĻĢāϰ্āĻŽ āύিāĻŦāύ্āϧāύেāϰ āĻļāϰ্āϤ āĻĒূāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰেāύি।

✔ Non-compliance with govt order → failure to register, appoint grievance officers, and set up local offices.

🔹 āĻŦ্āϝāϤিāĻ•্āϰāĻŽ | Exempted

✔ TikTok, Viber, WeTalk, Nimbuzz, Poppo Live → āĻāϰা āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰী āύি⧟āĻŽ āĻŽেāύে āϰেāϜিāϏ্āϟ্āϰেāĻļāύ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে।

✔ TikTok, Viber, WeTalk, Nimbuzz, Poppo Live → exempted as they complied with govt rules.

🔹 āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ | Purpose

✔ āϏাāχāĻŦাāϰ āĻ…āĻĒāϰাāϧ āĻĻāĻŽāύ

✔ Fake ID āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϰোāϧ

✔ āĻ­ুāϞ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ (misinformation) āύি⧟āύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖ

✔ āϜāĻŦাāĻŦāĻĻিāĻšিāϤা āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ āĻ•āϰা

✔ To tackle cybercrime, fake IDs, misinformation & ensure accountability

🔹 āϏāĻŽাāϞোāϚāύা | Criticism

✔ āĻāχ āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•্āώেāĻĒāĻ•ে āĻŽāϤāĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļেāϰ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āĻ“ āϏংāĻŦাāĻĻāĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽেāϰ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻšুāĻŽāĻ•ি āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে।

✔ Move seen as a threat to free speech & press freedom.

Q6) āϏেāĻĒ্āϟেāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ-āĻ āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ āύāϤুāύ āĻ–āύি āϏāϚিāĻŦ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻ•ে āύিāϝ়োāĻ— āĻĒেāϝ়েāĻ›েāύ?
Who was appointed as India’s new Mines Secretary in September 2025?

  • a) āĻ­ি.āĻāϞ. āĻ•াāύ্āĻĨা āϰাāĻ“ \ V.L. Kantha Rao
  • b) āĻĒীāϝূāώ āĻ—োāϝ়েāϞ \ Piyush Goyal
  • c) āϰাāϜিāϤ āĻĒুāύāĻšাāύি \ Rajit Punhani
  • d) āϏāĻž্āϜāϝ় āĻŽিāĻļ্āϰ \ Sanjay Mishra
Answer: b) āĻĒীāϝূāώ āĻ—োāϝ়েāϞ \ Piyush Goyal

⛏️ āĻĒিāϝ়ূāώ āĻ—োāϝ়েāϞ – āύāϤুāύ āĻ–āύিāϜ āϏāϚিāĻŦ (āϏেāĻĒ্āϟেāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ)
⛏️ Piyush Goyal – New Mines Secretary (September 2025)

🔹 āύিāϝ়োāĻ— | Appointment

✔ āĻĒিāϝ়ূāώ āĻ—োāϝ়েāϞ, ⧧⧝⧝ā§Ē āĻŦ্āϝাāϚেāϰ IAS (āύাāĻ—াāϞ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄ āĻ•্āϝাāĻĄাāϰ), āύāϤুāύ āĻ–āύিāϜ āϏāϚিāĻŦ āύিāϝুāĻ•্āϤ।

✔ Piyush Goyal, 1994-batch IAS (Nagaland cadre), appointed as the new Mines Secretary.

✔ āϤিāύি āĻ­ি.āĻāϞ. āĻ•াāύ্āϤা āϰাāĻ“-āĻāϰ āϏ্āĻĨāϞাāĻ­িāώিāĻ•্āϤ।

✔ He succeeds V.L. Kantha Rao.

✔ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে CEO, NATGRID (MHA) āĻĒāĻĻে āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāϰāϤ āĻ›িāϞেāύ।

✔ Earlier served as CEO, NATGRID (MHA).

✔ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া: āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ–āύিāϜ (āϞিāĻĨিāϝ়াāĻŽ, āĻ•োāĻŦাāϞ্āϟ, āύিāĻ•েāϞ, āϰে⧟াāϰ āφāϰ্āĻĨāϏ) āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰে āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ, āϝা āĻļāĻ•্āϤি āϰূāĻĒাāύ্āϤāϰ āĻ“ āĻŦৈāĻĻ্āϝুāϤিāĻ• āϝাāύāĻŦাāĻšāύ (EV) āĻ–াāϤ-āĻāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ…āĻĒāϰিāĻšাāϰ্āϝ।

✔ Role crucial for India’s push in critical minerals (lithium, cobalt, nickel, rare earths) for energy transition & EV sector.


🏛️ āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ āĻ–āύিāϜ āĻ“ āĻ–āύāύ āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒ
🏛️ Mines & Mining Industry – India

🔹 āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖাāϞāϝ় | Ministry

✔ āĻ–āύিāϜ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖাāϞāϝ়, āĻ­াāϰāϤ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰ

✔ Ministry of Mines, Govt. of India

🔹 āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻ•াāϜ | Key Functions

✔ āĻ–āύিāϜ āĻ…āύুāϏāύ্āϧাāύ, āωāύ্āύāϝ়āύ āĻ“ āύিāϝ়āύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖ

✔ Exploration, development, and regulation of minerals

✔ āĻŦ্āϝāϤিāĻ•্āϰāĻŽ: āĻĒেāϟ্āϰোāϞিāϝ়াāĻŽ, āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āĻ—্āϝাāϏ, āĻĒাāϰāĻŽাāĻŖāĻŦিāĻ• āĻ–āύিāϜ āĻ“ āĻ•āϝ়āϞা

✔ Excluding: petroleum, natural gas, atomic minerals, and coal

🔹 āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āφāχāύ | Major Acts

✔ Mines and Minerals (Development & Regulation) Act, 1957 (MMDR Act)

✔ Mineral Conservation & Development Rules, 2017

🔹 āĻ…āϧীāύāϏ্āĻĨ āϏংāϏ্āĻĨা | Agencies under Ministry

✔ Geological Survey of India (GSI)

✔ Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM)

✔ Mineral Exploration and Consultancy Ltd. (MECL)

🔹 āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻ–āύিāϜ | Major Minerals

✔ āϧাāϤāĻŦ (Metallic): Iron ore, bauxite, copper, zinc, lead, manganese, gold

✔ āĻ…āϧাāϤāĻŦ (Non-Metallic): Limestone, mica, gypsum, phosphate, diamond

🔹 āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ–āύিāϜ | Critical Minerals

✔ Lithium, cobalt, nickel, rare earth elements

✔ Vital for clean energy, EVs, semiconductors

🔹 āĻļীāϰ্āώ āĻ–āύāύ āϰাāϜ্āϝ | Top Mining States

✔ Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka

🔹 āϰāĻĒ্āϤাāύি āĻ…āĻŦāĻĻাāύ | Export Contribution

✔ Iron ore, mica, bauxite, granite → āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ āĻŦৈāĻĻেāĻļিāĻ• āĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰা āφāϝ়েāϰ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏ

✔ Iron ore, mica, bauxite, granite → contribute to India’s forex earnings


đŸĒ¨ āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻ–āύি | Major Mines in India

Iron Ore

✔ Bailadila – Chhattisgarh

✔ Dalli-Rajhara – Chhattisgarh

✔ Kiriburu & Noamundi – Jharkhand

✔ Kudremukh – Karnataka

✔ Barbil & Joda – Odisha

Coal

✔ Jharia – Jharkhand

✔ Raniganj – West Bengal

✔ Talcher – Odisha

✔ Singrauli – Madhya Pradesh & Uttar Pradesh

✔ Korba – Chhattisgarh

Manganese

✔ Balaghat – Madhya Pradesh

✔ Nagpur & Bhandara – Maharashtra

✔ Keonjhar & Sundargarh – Odisha

Bauxite

✔ Panchpatmali – Odisha

✔ Katni – Madhya Pradesh

✔ Kalahandi – Odisha

✔ Lohardaga – Jharkhand

Gold

✔ Kolar Gold Fields (KGF) – Karnataka (closed now)

✔ Hutti Gold Mines – Karnataka

✔ Ramagiri – Andhra Pradesh

Copper

✔ Khetri – Rajasthan

✔ Malanjkhand – Madhya Pradesh

✔ Singhbhum – Jharkhand

Zinc & Lead

✔ Zawar & Rampura Agucha – Rajasthan

Limestone

✔ Katni – Madhya Pradesh

✔ Jodhpur – Rajasthan

✔ Gulbarga – Karnataka

Mica

✔ Koderma – Jharkhand

✔ Nellore – Andhra Pradesh

Diamond

✔ Panna – Madhya Pradesh

Uranium

✔ Jaduguda – Jharkhand

✔ Tummalapalle – Andhra Pradesh

✔ Narwapahar – Jharkhand

Q7) āφāχāϏিāϏি āĻŽāĻšিāϞা āĻāĻ•āĻĻিāύেāϰ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻ•াāĻĒ (⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ) āĻ•োāύ āĻĻুāϟি āĻĻেāĻļে āĻ…āύুāώ্āĻ িāϤ āĻšāĻŦে?
The ICC Women’s ODI World Cup 2025 will be hosted by which two countries?

  • a) āĻ­াāϰāϤ āĻ“ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ \ India and Bangladesh
  • b) āĻ­াāϰāϤ āĻ“ āĻļ্āϰীāϞāĻ™্āĻ•া \ India and Sri Lanka
  • c) āĻļ্āϰীāϞāĻ™্āĻ•া āĻ“ āĻĒাāĻ•িāϏ্āϤাāύ \ Sri Lanka and Pakistan
  • d) āĻ­াāϰāϤ āĻ“ āχংāϞ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄ \ India and England
Answer: b) āĻ­াāϰāϤ āĻ“ āĻļ্āϰীāϞāĻ™্āĻ•া \ India and Sri Lanka

🏏 ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ āφāχāϏিāϏি āĻŽāĻšিāϞা āĻ•্āϰিāĻ•েāϟ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻ•াāĻĒ | 2025 ICC Women’s Cricket World Cup

🔹 āϏংāϏ্āĻ•āϰāĻŖ | Edition

✔ ā§§ā§ŠāϤāĻŽ āφāϏāϰ (ODI āĻĢāϰāĻŽ্āϝাāϟ, ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻ“āĻ­াāϰ, āĻŽোāϟ ā§Šā§§ āĻŽ্āϝাāϚ)

✔ 13th edition (ODI format, 50 overs, 31 matches)

🔹 āφāϝ়োāϜāĻ• | Hosts

✔ āĻ­াāϰāϤ – ā§Ēāϰ্āĻĨāĻŦাāϰ

✔ India – 4th time

✔ āĻļ্āϰীāϞāĻ™্āĻ•া – āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽāĻŦাāϰ

✔ Sri Lanka – 1st time

🔹 āϤাāϰিāĻ– | Dates

✔ ā§Šā§Ļ āϏেāĻĒ্āϟেāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰ – ⧍ āύāĻ­েāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ

✔ 30 Sept – 2 Nov 2025

🔹 āωāĻĻ্āĻŦোāϧāύী āĻŽ্āϝাāϚ | Opening Match

✔ āĻ­াāϰāϤ āĻŦāύাāĻŽ āĻļ্āϰীāϞāĻ™্āĻ•া – āĻ—ুāϝ়াāĻšাāϟি

✔ India vs Sri Lanka – Guwahati

🔹 āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻŽ্āϝাāϚ | Special Matches

✔ āĻ­াāϰāϤ–āĻĒাāĻ•িāϏ্āϤাāύ āĻŽ্āϝাāϚāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻļ্āϰীāϞāĻ™্āĻ•াāϝ় āĻ…āύুāώ্āĻ িāϤ āĻšāĻŦে

✔ India–Pakistan matches to be held in Sri Lanka

🔹 āĻĻāϞ āϏংāĻ–্āϝা | Teams

✔ āĻŽোāϟ ā§Žāϟি āĻĻāϞ āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻŦে

✔ Total 8 teams will participate

🔹 āĻĒুāϰāϏ্āĻ•াāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ | Prize Money

✔ USD 13.88 million → ⧍ā§Ļ⧍⧍-āĻāϰ āϤুāϞāύাāϝ় ⧍⧝⧭% āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি

✔ USD 13.88 million → 297% increase from 2022

✔ āĻŦিāϜāϝ়ীāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻĒ্āϤি: USD 4.48 million

✔ Winner’s share: USD 4.48 million

✔ (āĻĒুāϰুāώāĻĻেāϰ ⧍ā§Ļā§¨ā§Š āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻ•াāĻĒ āĻĨেāĻ•েāĻ“ āĻŦেāĻļি)

✔ (Higher than Men’s 2023 World Cup)

Q8) āĻ­াāϰāϤে āχāωāĻĒিāφāχ (UPI) āĻ•োāύ āĻŦāĻ›āϰে āϚাāϞু āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›িāϞ?
UPI was launched in India in which year?

  • a) ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ē \ 2014
  • b) ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ģ \ 2015
  • c) ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ŧ \ 2016
  • d) ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§­ \ 2017
Answer: c) ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ŧ \ 2016

đŸ’ŗ NPCI – UPI āϞেāύāĻĻেāύ āϏীāĻŽা āϏংāĻļোāϧāύ (ā§§ā§Ģ āϏেāĻĒ্āϟেāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ•াāϰ্āϝāĻ•āϰ)
đŸ’ŗ NPCI – UPI Transaction Limit Revision (Effective Sept 15, 2025)

🔹 āύāϤুāύ āϏীāĻŽা | New Limits

✔ āĻŦীāĻŽা āĻĒেāĻŽেāύ্āϟ: āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āϞেāύāĻĻেāύে āϏীāĻŽা ₹ā§Ģ āϞাāĻ–

✔ Insurance payments: Limit raised to ₹5 lakh per transaction

✔ āĻĻৈāύিāĻ• āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্āϰিāĻ• āϏীāĻŽা: āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚিāϤ P2M āĻ•্āϝাāϟেāĻ—āϰিāϤে (āĻ•্āϝাāĻĒিāϟাāϞ āĻŽাāϰ্āĻ•েāϟ, āĻŦীāĻŽা, GeM) āϝাāϚাāχāĻ•ৃāϤ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏা⧟ীāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে ₹ā§§ā§Ļ āϞাāĻ–

✔ Daily aggregate limit: ₹10 lakh for select P2M categories with verified merchants (capital markets, insurance, GeM)

✔ P2P āϏীāĻŽা: āĻ…āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤিāϤ ₹ā§§ āϞাāĻ–/āĻĻিāύ

✔ P2P limit: Unchanged at ₹1 lakh/day

✔ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•āϏāĻŽূāĻš: āĻ…āĻ­্āϝāύ্āϤāϰীāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ োāϰ āϏীāĻŽা āϰাāĻ–āϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦে

✔ Banks: May keep stricter internal limits

đŸĻ NPCI (āύ্āϝাāĻļāύাāϞ āĻĒেāĻŽেāύ্āϟāϏ āĻ•āϰ্āĻĒোāϰেāĻļāύ āĻ…āĻĢ āχāύ্āĻĄিāϝ়া)
đŸĻ NPCI (National Payments Corporation of India)

✔ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ া: ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ž

✔ Established: 2008

✔ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻĒāĻŖ্āϝ: UPI, RuPay, IMPS, FASTag, AePS

✔ Key products: UPI, RuPay, IMPS, FASTag, AePS

📲 UPI (āχāωāύিāĻĢাāχāĻĄ āĻĒেāĻŽেāύ্āϟāϏ āχāύ্āϟাāϰāĻĢেāϏ)
📲 UPI (Unified Payments Interface)

✔ RBI āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āύিāϝ়āύ্āϤ্āϰিāϤ āϰিāϝ়েāϞ-āϟাāχāĻŽ āĻĒেāĻŽেāύ্āϟ āϏিāϏ্āϟেāĻŽ

✔ Real-time payment system regulated by RBI

✔ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•-āϟু-āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• P2P āĻāĻŦং P2M āϞেāύāĻĻেāύ āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āĻ•āϰে

✔ Enables inter-bank P2P and P2M transactions

🔹 UPI – āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ | Key Features

✔ ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ŧ āϏাāϞে NPCI āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϚাāϞু, RBI āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āύিāϝ়āύ্āϤ্āϰিāϤ

✔ Launched in 2016 by NPCI, regulated by RBI

✔ ⧍ā§Ē×ā§­ āϰিāϝ়েāϞ-āϟাāχāĻŽ āϏিāϏ্āϟেāĻŽ → āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•-āϟু-āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āϟ্āϰাāύ্āϏāĻĢাāϰ

✔ Real-time 24×7 system for inter-bank transfers

✔ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে: VPA, QR āĻ•োāĻĄ, āĻŽোāĻŦাāχāϞ āύāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰ, āφāϧাāϰ

✔ Works via: VPA, QR codes, mobile number, Aadhaar

✔ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āϏীāĻŽা: ₹ā§§ āϞাāĻ–/āĻĻিāύ; āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻ•্āϝাāϟেāĻ—āϰিāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻŦেāĻļি (₹ā§Ģ–ā§§ā§Ļ āϞাāĻ–)

✔ General limit: ₹1 lakh/day; higher for select categories (₹5–10 lakh)

✔ āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ: āϏিāĻ™্āĻ—াāĻĒুāϰ, UAE, āĻĢ্āϰাāύ্āϏ, āĻļ্āϰীāϞāĻ™্āĻ•া, āύেāĻĒাāϞ

✔ Global use: Accepted in Singapore, UAE, France, Sri Lanka, Nepal

✔ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ: āĻĄিāϜিāϟাāϞ āχāύāĻ•্āϞুāĻļāύ āĻ“ āĻĢিāύāϟেāĻ• āĻ—্āϰোāĻĨে āĻŦāĻĄ় āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া

✔ Key role in digital inclusion & fintech growth

Q9) āϏেāĻĒ্āϟেāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ-āĻ āĻĄিāĻĒিāφāχāφāχāϟি (DPIIT) āϏ্āϟাāϰ্āϟāφāĻĒ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧিāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ•োāύ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏāĻŽāĻোāϤা āϏ্āĻŽাāϰāĻ• āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ•্āώāϰ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে?
In September 2025, DPIIT signed an MoU with which bank to support startup growth?

  • a) āĻāχāϚāĻĄিāĻāĻĢāϏি āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• \ HDFC Bank
  • b) āφāχāϏিāφāχāϏিāφāχ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• \ ICICI Bank
  • c) āĻ…্āϝাāĻ•্āϏিāϏ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• \ Axis Bank
  • d) āĻāϏāĻŦিāφāχ \ SBI
Answer: b) āφāχāϏিāφāχāϏিāφāχ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• \ ICICI Bank

🏛️ āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒ āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ­্āϝāύ্āϤāϰীāĻŖ āĻŦাāĻŖিāϜ্āϝ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻĻāĻĢāϤāϰ (DPIIT)
🏛️ Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT)

🔹 āĻŽূāϞ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖাāϞ⧟ | Parent Ministry

✔ āĻŦাāĻŖিāϜ্āϝ āĻ“ āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖাāϞāϝ়

✔ Ministry of Commerce & Industry

🔹 āĻ—āĻ āύ | Formation

✔ ⧧⧝⧝ā§Ģ āϏাāϞে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ িāϤ (DIPP āύাāĻŽে), ⧍ā§Ļ⧧⧝ āϏাāϞে āύাāĻŽ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻšā§Ÿে DPIIT

✔ Formed in 1995 (as DIPP), renamed DPIIT in 2019

🔹 āϏāĻĻāϰ āĻĻāĻĢāϤāϰ | Headquarters

✔ āύāϝ়া āĻĻিāϞ্āϞি

✔ New Delhi

🔹 āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻ•াāϰ্āϝাāĻŦāϞি | Functions

✔ āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒ āύীāϤি āĻĒ্āϰāϪ⧟āύ

✔ Industrial policy formulation

✔ āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝāĻ•্āώ āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļি āĻŦিāύিāϝ়োāĻ— (FDI) āĻĒ্āϰāϚাāϰ

✔ Promotion of FDI

✔ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏা āϏāĻšāϜীāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āϏংāϏ্āĻ•াāϰ (Ease of Doing Business)

✔ Ease of Doing Business reforms

✔ āϏ্āϟাāϰ্āϟāφāĻĒ āχāύ্āĻĄিāϝ়া āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦাāϝ়āύ

✔ Startup India implementation

✔ āĻŽেāϧাāϏ্āĻŦāϤ্āĻŦ āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াāϰ (IPR) āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāύ

✔ IPR administration

✔ āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒোāύ্āύāϝ়āύ āĻ“ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒাāĻĻāύ āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤা

✔ Industrial growth & manufacturing support

🔹 āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ— | Key Initiatives

✔ Startup India

✔ Startup India

✔ Make in India

✔ Make in India

✔ PM GatiShakti

✔ PM GatiShakti

✔ Industrial Corridors

✔ Industrial Corridors

Q10) āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āĻĻিāĻŦāϏ āĻ•োāύ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•্āϤāύ āϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰāĻĒāϤিāϰ āϜāύ্āĻŽāĻŦাāϰ্āώিāĻ•ীāϤে āĻĒাāϞিāϤ āĻšāϝ়?
Teachers’ Day in India is celebrated on the birth anniversary of which former President?

  • a) āĻĄ. āϰাāϜেāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϏাāĻĻ \ Dr. Rajendra Prasad
  • b) āĻĄ. āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻĒāϞ্āϞী āϰাāϧাāĻ•ৃāώ্āĻŖāύ \ Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
  • c) āϜাāĻ•িāϰ āĻšুāϏেāύ \ Zakir Husain
  • d) āĻ­ি. āĻ­ি. āĻ—িāϰি \ V. V. Giri
Answer: b) āĻĄ. āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻĒāϞ্āϞী āϰাāϧাāĻ•ৃāώ্āĻŖāύ \ Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

📚 āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āĻĻিāĻŦāϏ | Teachers’ Day

🔹 āĻ•āĻŦে | When

✔ ā§Ģāχ āϏেāĻĒ্āϟেāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰ (āĻ­াāϰāϤ)

✔ 5th September (India)

🔹 āĻ•েāύ | Why

✔ āĻĻাāϰ্āĻļāύিāĻ•, āĻĒāĻŖ্āĻĄিāϤ āĻ“ āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় āϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰāĻĒāϤি āĻĄ. āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻĒāϞ্āϞী āϰাāϧাāĻ•ৃāώ্āĻŖāύ-āĻāϰ āϜāύ্āĻŽāĻŦাāϰ্āώিāĻ•ী āωāĻĒāϞāĻ•্āώে।

✔ Marks the birth anniversary of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan – philosopher, scholar, 2nd President of India.

🔹 āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāϤ্āϤি | Origin

✔ ⧧⧝ā§Ŧ⧍ āϏাāϞ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĒাāϞিāϤ āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে। āĻĄ. āϰাāϧাāĻ•ৃāώ্āĻŖāύ āύিāϜে āĻ…āύুāϰোāϧ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›িāϞেāύ, āϤাঁāϰ āϜāύ্āĻŽāĻĻিāύāĻ•ে āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻ—āϤ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏāĻŦেāϰ āĻŦāĻĻāϞে āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āĻĻিāĻŦāϏ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻĒাāϞিāϤ āĻšোāĻ•।

✔ Since 1962, following Dr. Radhakrishnan’s request to celebrate his birthday as Teachers’ Day instead of personal celebration.

🔹 āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ | Purpose

✔ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻĻাāύāĻ•ে āϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•ৃāϤি āĻĻেāĻ“āϝ়া – āĻļিāĻ•্āώা, āĻŽূāϞ্āϝāĻŦোāϧ āĻ“ āϜাāϤি āĻ—āĻ āύে āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া।

✔ Recognize teachers’ contribution in shaping education, values, and nation-building.

🔹 āĻĒাāϞāύ | Observance

✔ āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞ, āĻ•āϞেāϜ āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύāĻ—ুāϞোāϤে āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽাāύāύা।

✔ Schools, colleges, and institutions honor teachers.

✔ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰ āϜাāϤীāϝ় āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āĻĒুāϰāϏ্āĻ•াāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ āĻ•āϰে।

✔ Govt. confers National Awards to Teachers.

🔹 āĻŦৈāĻļ্āĻŦিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰেāĻ•্āώাāĻĒāϟ | Global Context

✔ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āĻĻিāĻŦāϏ – ā§Ģāχ āĻ…āĻ•্āϟোāĻŦāϰ (āχāωāύেāϏ্āĻ•ো, ⧧⧝⧝ā§Ē āϏাāϞ āĻĨেāĻ•ে)।

✔ World Teachers’ Day – 5th October (UNESCO, since 1994).

✔ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ: āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒী āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াāϰ, āĻŽāϰ্āϝাāĻĻা āĻ“ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•াāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦাāϰোāĻĒ।

✔ Focus: Rights, status, and role of teachers worldwide.