01 September 2025
Where was India’s first tempered glass manufacturing plant inaugurated in 2025?
āĻাāϰāϤেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻেāĻŽ্āĻĒাāϰāĻĄ āĻ্āϞাāϏ āĻাāϰāĻাāύাāϰ āĻāĻĻ্āĻŦোāϧāύ
Inauguration of India’s First Tempered Glass Plant
āϤাāϰিāĻ: ā§Šā§Ļ āĻāĻāϏ্āĻ ā§¨ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ
Date: 30 August 2025
āϏ্āĻĨাāύ: āύā§āĻĄা, āĻāϤ্āϤāϰāĻĒ্āϰāĻĻেāĻļ
Location: Noida, Uttar Pradesh
āĻāĻĻ্āĻŦোāϧāύ: āĻেāύ্āĻĻ্āϰীā§ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻ āϝোāĻাāϝোāĻāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āĻ
āĻļ্āĻŦিāύী āĻŦৈāώ্āĻŖāĻŦ
Inaugurated by: Union IT & Communications Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw
āĻে āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻāϰেāĻে / Who Built It:
āĻ
āĻĒ্āĻিā§েāĻŽাāϏ āĻāύāĻĢ্āϰাāĻāĻŽ (āĻাāϰāϤ) → āĻাāϰāĻাāύা āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ, āĻ
āĻŦāĻাāĻ াāĻŽো āĻ āĻŦিāύিā§োāĻ।
Optiemus Infracom (India) → Plant setup, infrastructure & investment.
āĻāϰāύিং āĻāύāĻāϰ্āĻĒোāϰেāĻেāĻĄ (āϝুāĻ্āϤāϰাāώ্āĻ্āϰ) → āĻাāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ্āϤি, āĻāĻŦেāώāĻŖা āĻ āĻĻāĻ্āώāϤা।
Corning Inc. (USA) → Glass technology, R&D & expertise.
āĻāϰāĻ āĻ āϧাāĻĒāϏāĻŽূāĻš / Cost & Phases:
āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āϧাāĻĒ: ₹ā§ā§Ļ āĻোāĻি āĻŦিāύিā§োāĻ, āĻ্āώāĻŽāϤা ⧍ā§Ģ āĻŽিāϞিā§āύ āĻāĻāύিāĻ/āĻŦāĻāϰ, ā§Ŧā§Ļā§Ļ+ āĻাāĻāϰি।
Phase 1: ₹70 crore investment, 25M units/year capacity, 600+ jobs.
āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীā§ āϧাāĻĒ: ₹ā§Žā§Ļā§Ļ āĻোāĻি āĻĒāϰিāĻāϞ্āĻĒিāϤ āĻŦিāύিā§োāĻ, āĻ্āώāĻŽāϤা ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŽিāϞিā§āύ āĻāĻāύিāĻ/āĻŦāĻāϰ, ā§Ē,ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļ+ āĻাāĻāϰি।
Phase 2: ₹800 crore planned, 200M units/year capacity, 4,500+ jobs.
āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒ āĻ āĻĒ্āϰেāĻ্āώাāĻĒāĻ / Industry & Background:
āĻ
āĻĒ্āĻিā§েāĻŽাāϏ āĻāύāĻĢ্āϰাāĻāĻŽ: āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ া ā§§ā§¯ā§¯ā§Š, āϏāĻĻāϰ āĻĻāĻĒ্āϤāϰ āύā§াāĻĻিāϞ্āϞি, āĻŽোāĻŦাāĻāϞ āĻ āĻāϞেāĻāĻ্āϰāύিāĻ্āϏ āĻā§āĻĒাāĻĻāύ।
Optiemus Infracom: Founded 1993, HQ New Delhi, telecom & electronics manufacturing.
āĻāϰāύিং āĻāύāĻāϰ্āĻĒোāϰেāĻেāĻĄ: āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ া ā§§ā§Žā§Ģā§§, āϏāĻĻāϰ āĻĻāĻĒ্āϤāϰ āύিāĻ āĻā§āϰ্āĻ, āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻাāĻ (āĻāϰিāϞা āĻ্āϞাāϏ, āĻ
āĻĒāĻিāĻ্āϝাāϞ āĻĢাāĻāĻŦাāϰ)।
Corning Inc.: Founded 1851, HQ New York, specialty glass (Gorilla Glass, optical fiber).
āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ / Significance:
āĻাāϰāϤ āĻŦāĻāϰে ~ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŽিāϞিā§āύ āĻāĻāύিāĻ āĻেāĻŽ্āĻĒাāϰāĻĄ āĻ্āϞাāϏ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰে, āĻāĻে āĻĒ্āϰাā§ āϏāĻŦ āĻāĻŽāĻĻাāύি āĻšāϤো।
India consumes ~500M tempered glass units/year, earlier almost fully imported.
āĻāĻ āĻাāϰāĻাāύা āĻāĻŽāĻĻাāύি āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ, āĻāϤ্āĻŽāύিāϰ্āĻāϰ āĻাāϰāϤ āĻ āĻāϞেāĻāĻ্āϰāύিāĻ্āϏ āĻāĻোāϏিāϏ্āĻেāĻŽāĻে āĻļāĻ্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āĻāϰāĻŦে।
This plant supports import substitution, Atmanirbhar Bharat & strengthens electronics ecosystem.
Which state has launched the ‘Mukhyamantri Mahila Rojgar Yojana’?
Key Points
Key Points
āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ: ⧍⧝ āĻāĻāϏ্āĻ ā§¨ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ-āĻ āĻ
āύুāĻŽোāĻĻিāϤ, āϏেāĻĒ্āĻেāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ āĻĨেāĻে āĻ
āϰ্āĻĨ āĻŦিāϤāϰāĻŖ।
Launched: Approved on 29 Aug 2025, fund transfer from Sept 2025.
āĻāĻাāϰেāĻ: āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰ āĻĨেāĻে āĻāĻāĻāύ āĻŽāĻšিāϞা (āĻ্āϰাāĻŽীāĻŖ āĻ āĻļāĻšুāϰে āĻŦিāĻšাāϰ)।
Coverage: One woman per family (rural & urban Bihar).
āϏুāĻŦিāϧা: ₹ā§§ā§Ļ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ
āύুāĻĻাāύ (āĻĢেāϰāϤāϝোāĻ্āϝ āύāϝ়) āϏ্āĻŦāύিāϝ়োāĻিāϤ āĻাāĻ āĻļুāϰু āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ।
Benefit: ₹10,000 grant (non-repayable) to start self-employment.
ā§Ŧ āĻŽাāϏ āĻĒāϰ āĻāϰ্āĻŽāĻ্āώāĻŽāϤাāϰ āĻিāϤ্āϤিāϤে āϏāϰ্āĻŦোāĻ্āĻ ₹⧍ āϞāĻ্āώ āĻ
āϤিāϰিāĻ্āϤ āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤা।
Up to ₹2 lakh additional aid after 6 months, based on performance.
āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦাāϝ়āύāĻাāϰী āϏংāϏ্āĻĨা:
Implementing Agencies:
āĻ্āϰাāĻŽীāĻŖ → āĻ্āϰাāĻŽীāĻŖ āĻāύ্āύāϝ়āύ āĻĻāĻĒ্āϤāϰ।
Rural → Rural Development Dept.
āĻļāĻšুāϰে → āύāĻāϰ āĻāύ্āύāϝ়āύ āĻ āĻāĻŦাāϏāύ āĻĻāĻĒ্āϤāϰ।
Urban → Urban Development & Housing Dept.
āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤা: āĻĒāĻŖ্āϝ āĻŦিāĻ্āϰিāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āϏāϰāĻাāϰ āĻšাāĻ āĻŦাāĻাāϰ āĻāĻĄ়ে āϤুāϞāĻŦে।
Support: Govt. to set up haat bazaars for selling products.
āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ: āĻŽāĻšিāϞাāĻĻেāϰ āϏ্āĻŦāύিāϝ়োāĻিāϤ āĻāϰ্āĻŽāϏংāϏ্āĻĨাāύ, āĻ
āĻিāĻŦাāϏāύ āĻš্āϰাāϏ, āĻ
āϰ্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ āĻ্āώāĻŽāϤাāϝ়āύ।
Objective: Women’s self-employment, reduce migration, economic empowerment.
āĻĒāĻāĻূāĻŽি: āĻীāĻŦিāĻা āϏ্āĻŦāύিāϰ্āĻāϰ āĻোāώ্āĻ ী (SHGs) āĻāϰ āϏāĻ্āĻে āϏংāϝুāĻ্āϤ, āĻĒāĻ্āĻাāϝ়েāϤ āϰাāĻ āĻāύāϏ্āĻিāĻিāĻāĻļāύāϏে ā§Ģā§Ļ% āĻŽāĻšিāϞা āϏংāϰāĻ্āώāĻŖ, āĻŽāĻĻ্āϝāύিāώেāϧ, "āĻŽāĻšিāϞা āϏংāϞাāĻĒ" āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ।
Background: Linked with JEEViKa SHGs, 50% reservation for women in PRIs, liquor prohibition, “Mahila Samvad” consultations.
In which state/UT is the Mela Patt festival celebrated?
āĻŽেāϞা āĻĒāĻ্āĻ āĻā§āϏāĻŦ (āĻāĻĻ্āϰā¤ĩाā¤š, āĻāĻŽ্āĻŽু āĻ āĻাāĻļ্āĻŽীāϰ)
Mela Patt Festival (Bhaderwah, J&K)
āĻোāĻĨাā§: āĻাāĻাāϞ, āĻāĻĻ্āϰā¤ĩाā¤š (āĻĄোāĻĄা āĻেāϞা, āĻāĻŽ্āĻŽু āĻ āĻাāĻļ্āĻŽীāϰ)।
Where: Khakhal, Bhaderwah (Doda district, J&K).
āĻāĻŦে: āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻŦāĻāϰ āύাāĻ āĻĒāĻ্āĻāĻŽীāϤে, āϤিāύ āĻĻিāύেāϰ āĻā§āϏāĻŦ (āĻৈāϞাāĻļ āϝাāϤ্āϰাāϰ ā§ āĻĻিāύ āĻĒāϰ)।
When: Every year on Nag Panchami, three-day festival (7 days after Kailash Yatra).
āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ া: ā§§ā§ŦāĻļ āĻļāϤāĻে āϏāĻŽ্āϰাāĻ āĻāĻāĻŦāϰেāϰ āϏāĻ্āĻে āϏাāĻ্āώাāϤেāϰ āĻĒāϰ āϰাāĻা āύাāĻ āĻĒাāϞ āĻļুāϰু āĻāϰেāύ।
Founded: 16th century by Raja Nag Pal after meeting Emperor Akbar.
āĻেāύ: āĻāĻāĻŦাāύ āĻŦাāϏুāĻি āύাāĻেāϰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽাāύে; āĻāĻāĻŦāϰ āϏিāϞ্āĻ āĻাāĻĒā§ (āĻĒāĻ্āĻ), āĻĒাāϤ্āϰ āĻ āĻŦাāĻĻ্āϝāϝāύ্āϤ্āϰ āĻāĻĒāĻšাāϰ āĻĻেāύ → āĻāĻ āĻĨেāĻেāĻ āĻāϤিāĻš্āϝেāϰ āϏূāĻāύা।
Why: In honor of Lord Vasuki Nag; Akbar gifted silk cloth (Patt), vessels, and instruments → origin of the tradition.
āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻāĻাāϰ:
Main Ritual:
āĻĒāĻ্āĻ = āĻ
āϞāĻ্āĻৃāϤ āϏিāϞ্āĻ āĻাāĻĒā§েāϰ āĻাāĻ াāĻŽো āϝা āĻļোāĻাāϝাāϤ্āϰাā§ āĻŦāĻšāύ āĻāϰা āĻšā§।
Patt = decorated silk cloth structure carried in procession.
āĻĻāĻļāύাāύ (ā§§ā§Ļ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰ) āĻāĻ োāϰ āύিā§āĻŽ āĻŽেāύে āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤ āĻāϰে।
Prepared by Dashnaan (10 families) with strict rituals.
āϏাংāϏ্āĻৃāϤিāĻ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āĻ্āϝ:
Cultural Highlights:
āϞোāĻ āύৃāϤ্āϝ āĻĻিāĻ্āĻো/āĻĸাāĻ্āĻু।
Folk Dikko/Dhakku dance.
āĻĸাāĻ-āĻĸোāϞ, āϏāĻ্āĻীāϤ, āϏāĻŽাāĻেāϰ āĻ
ংāĻļāĻ্āϰāĻšāĻŖ।
Drums, music, community participation.
āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ:
Significance:
āύাāĻ āϏংāϏ্āĻৃāϤি āĻ āĻāĻĻ্āϰā¤ĩाā¤šেāϰ āĻāϤিāĻšাāϏ āϏংāϰāĻ্āώāĻŖ āĻāϰে।
Preserves Nag culture and Bhaderwah’s history.
āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰীāϤিāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ (āĻļāϤাāĻŦ্āĻĻীāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻļāϤাāĻŦ্āĻĻী āϧāϰে āĻļাāύ্āϤিāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāĻাāĻŦে āĻĒাāϞিāϤ āĻšā§ে āĻāϏāĻে)।
Symbol of communal harmony (celebrated peacefully for centuries).
āϏ্āĻĨাāύীā§ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāĻāύ āĻ āĻ
āϰ্āĻĨāύীāϤিāĻে āĻāύ্āύāϤ āĻāϰে।
Boosts local tourism & economy.
āĻāĻŽ্āĻŽু āĻ āĻাāĻļ্āĻŽীāϰ – āϏ্āĻĨিāϰ āĻিāĻে (⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ)
Jammu & Kashmir – Static GK (2025)
āĻ
āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা: āĻেāύ্āĻĻ্āϰāĻļাāϏিāϤ āĻ
āĻ্āĻāϞ (ā§Šā§§ āĻ
āĻ্āĻোāĻŦāϰ ⧍ā§Ļ⧧⧝ āĻĨেāĻে, āĻāĻŽ্āĻŽু āĻ āĻাāĻļ্āĻŽীāϰ āĻĒুāύāϰ্āĻāĻ āύ āĻāĻāύেāϰ āĻĒāϰ)।
Status: Union Territory (since 31 Oct 2019, after J&K Reorganisation Act).
āϰাāĻāϧাāύী: āĻ্āϰীāώ্āĻŽ → āĻļ্āϰীāύāĻāϰ | āĻļীāϤ → āĻāĻŽ্āĻŽু
Capital: Summer → Srinagar | Winter → Jammu
āĻেāϞা: ⧍ā§Ļ
Districts: 20
āϏāϰāĻাāϰি āĻাāώা (ā§Ģ): āĻšিāύ্āĻĻি, āĻāϰ্āĻĻু, āĻাāĻļ্āĻŽিāϰি, āĻĄোāĻāϰি, āĻংāϰেāĻি।
Official Languages (5): Hindi, Urdu, Kashmiri, Dogri, English.
āϏীāĻŽাāύা: āĻাāϰāϤেāϰ āĻেāϤāϰে → āĻšিāĻŽাāĻāϞ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻেāĻļ, āĻĒাāĻ্āĻাāĻŦ, āϞাāĻĻাāĻ | āĻāύ্āϤāϰ্āĻাāϤিāĻ → āĻĒাāĻিāϏ্āϤাāύ, āĻীāύ।
Borders: Within India → Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Ladakh | International → Pakistan, China.
āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āύāĻĻী: āĻিāϞāĻŽ, āĻেāύাāĻŦ, āϰাāĻি, āϤাāĻā§ি, āϏিāύ্āϧুāϰ āĻāĻĒāύāĻĻী।
Major Rivers: Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Tawi, Indus tributaries.
āĻŦিāĻ্āϝাāϤ āĻš্āϰāĻĻ: āĻĄাāϞ āϞেāĻ, āĻুāϞাāϰ āϞেāĻ, āĻŽাāύāϏাāϰ, āĻĒ্āϝাāĻ্āĻং āϏো (āĻংāĻļিāĻ āϞাāĻĻাāĻে)।
Famous Lakes: Dal Lake, Wular Lake, Mansar, Pangong Tso (partly in Ladakh).
āĻাāϤীā§ āĻāĻĻ্āϝাāύ: āĻĻাāĻিāĻাāĻŽ, āĻিāĻļ্āϤāĻā§াāϰ, āĻšেāĻŽিāϏ (āϞাāĻĻাāĻ), āĻাāĻিāύাāĻ।
National Parks: Dachigam NP, Kishtwar NP, Hemis (Ladakh), Kazinag NP.
āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āύৃāϤ্āϝ: āϰুāĻĢ, āĻাāύ্āĻĄ āĻĒাāĻ āϰ, āĻšাāĻĢিāĻা, āĻুāĻĄ, āĻĸাāĻ্āĻু।
Important Dances: Rouf, Bhand Pather, Hafiza, Kud, Dhakku.
āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻā§āϏāĻŦ: āĻŦৈāĻļাāĻী, āϞোāĻšāϰি, āĻāĻĻ, āύাāĻāϰেāĻš, āĻŽেāϞা āĻĒāĻ্āĻ, āĻšেāĻŽিāϏ āĻā§āϏāĻŦ (āϞাāĻĻাāĻ)।
Important Festivals: Baisakhi, Lohri, Eid, Navreh, Mela Patt, Hemis Festival (Ladakh).
āĻ
āϰ্āĻĨāύীāϤি: āĻšāϏ্āϤāĻļিāϞ্āĻĒ (āĻĒাāĻļāĻŽিāύা, āĻĒেāĻĒিā§āϰ-āĻŽ্āϝাāĻļে), āĻāĻĻ্āϝাāύāϤāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦ (āĻāĻĒেāϞ, āĻাāĻĢāϰাāύ), āĻĒāϰ্āϝāĻāύ।
Economy: Handicrafts (Pashmina, Papier-mÃĸchÊ), Horticulture (apples, saffron), Tourism.
āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ: āĻ
āύুāĻ্āĻেāĻĻ ā§Šā§ā§Ļ āĻ ā§Šā§ĢāĻ ā§Ģ āĻāĻāϏ্āĻ ā§¨ā§Ļ⧧⧝-āĻ āĻŦাāϤিāϞ āĻšā§।
Special Fact: Article 370 & 35A abrogated on 5 August 2019.
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