18 August 2025
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18 August 2025
Current Affairs in Bengali ā§§ā§Ž āĻāĻāϏ্āĻ ā§¨ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ āĻŦাংāϞাā§ āĻাāϰেāύ্āĻ āĻ
্āϝাāĻĢেā§াāϰ্āϏ |
āĻŽāĻšাāϰাāώ্āĻ্āϰে āĻāĻŖেāĻļোā§āϏāĻŦāĻে āϰাāĻ্āϝেāϰ āĻā§āϏāĻŦ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻোāώāĻŖা āĻāϰা āĻšā§েāĻে ।
Maharashtra Declares Ganeshotsav as State Festival
- āĻŽāĻšাāϰাāώ্āĻ্āϰ āϏāϰāĻাāϰ āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻāύীāύ āĻāĻŖেāĻļোā§āϏāĻŦāĻে āĻāύুāώ্āĻ াāύিāĻāĻাāĻŦে āϰাāĻ্āϝেāϰ āĻā§āϏāĻŦ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻোāώāĻŖা āĻāϰেāĻে।
- The Maharashtra government has officially declared the public Ganeshotsav as the State Festival.
- āϏংāϏ্āĻৃāϤি āĻŦিāώāϝ়āĻ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āĻ āĻļীāώ āĻļেāϞাāϰ āĻāĻ āĻোāώāĻŖা āĻĻিāϝ়ে āĻŦāϞেāύ, āĻāĻŖেāĻļোā§āϏāĻŦ āĻŽāĻšাāϰাāώ্āĻ্āϰেāϰ āϏাংāϏ্āĻৃāϤিāĻ āĻৌāϰāĻŦ āĻ āĻāĻ্āϝেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ।
- Cultural Affairs Minister Ashish Shelar made the announcement, stating that Ganeshotsav is a symbol of Maharashtra’s cultural pride and unity.
- ā§§ā§Žā§¯ā§Š āϏাāϞে āϞোāĻāĻŽাāύ্āϝ āĻŦাāϞ āĻāĻ্āĻাāϧāϰ āϤিāϞāĻ āĻাāϤীāϝ়āϤাāĻŦাāĻĻ āĻ āϏাāĻŽাāĻিāĻ āĻāĻ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϰেāϰ āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝে āĻāĻ āĻā§āϏāĻŦেāϰ āϏূāĻāύা āĻāϰেāĻিāϞেāύ।
- The festival was started in 1893 by Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak to promote nationalism and social unity.
- āĻ āĻŦāĻāϰ ā§§ā§Ļ āĻĻিāύāĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒী āĻāĻŖেāĻļোā§āϏāĻŦ āĻļুāϰু āĻšāĻŦে ⧍ā§āĻļে āĻāĻāϏ্āĻ, ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ āĻĨেāĻে।
- This year, the 10-day Ganesh festival will begin on August 27, 2025.
Where was India’s first all-women food hub “Mauli” inaugurated?
Explanations :
FSSAI āĻাāϞু āĻāϰāϞ “āĻŽাāĻāϞি” – āĻাāϰāϤেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻŽāĻšিāϞা āĻĒāϰিāĻ্āĻāύ্āύ āϏ্āĻ্āϰিāĻ āĻĢুāĻĄ āĻšাāĻŦ
FSSAI Launches “Mauli” – India’s First All-Women Clean Street Food Hub
- Event: ā§§ā§ āĻāĻāϏ্āĻ ā§¨ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ, āĻŽুāĻŽ্āĻŦাāĻāϝ়েāϰ āĻাঁāĻĻিāĻাāϞিāϤে āĻāĻĻ্āĻŦোāϧāύ āĻšāϝ়।
- Event: Inaugurated on 17 August 2025 at Kandivali, Mumbai.
- āĻāĻĻ্āĻŦোāϧāĻ: āĻেāύ্āĻĻ্āϰীāϝ় āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āĻĒীāϝূāώ āĻāϝ়াāϞ। Union Minister Piyush Goyal.
- āĻ āĻিāϝাāύ: FSSAI -āĻāϰ Eat Right India Movement-āĻāϰ āĻ ংāĻļ।
- Initiative: Part of FSSAI’s Eat Right India Movement.
- āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻĻিāĻ: āĻāĻি āĻĒুāϰোāĻĒুāϰি āĻŽāĻšিāϞাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻĒāϰিāĻাāϞিāϤ; āϏ্āĻŦāύিāϰ্āĻāϰ āĻোāώ্āĻ ী (SHGs) āĻĒāϰিāĻাāϞāύা āĻāϰāĻে, āϝাāϰা āĻĢোāϏ্āĻ্āϝাāĻ (FoSTaC – Food Safety Training & Certification) āĻāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻĒ্āϰāĻļিāĻ্āώিāϤ।
- Special Feature: Entirely women-led, run by Self-Help Groups (SHGs) trained under FoSTaC (Food Safety Training & Certification).
- āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻŦ / Impact
- āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝāĻāϰ, āĻĒāϰিāĻ্āĻāύ্āύ āĻ āύিāϰাāĻĒāĻĻ āϏ্āĻ্āϰিāĻ āĻĢুāĻĄ āύিāĻļ্āĻিāϤ āĻāϰāĻŦে।
- Will ensure clean, hygienic, and safe street food.
- āĻŽāĻšিāϞাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ্āώāĻŽāϤাāϝ়āύ āĻ āĻেāĻāϏāĻ āĻāĻĻ্āϝোāĻāĻে āĻā§āϏাāĻšিāϤ āĻāϰāĻŦে।
- Will promote women’s empowerment and sustainable entrepreneurship.
- āĻāϤিāĻŽāϧ্āϝেāĻ āĻĒāĻļ্āĻিāĻŽাāĻ্āĻāϞে ā§Ŧ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ-āĻāϰāĻ āĻŦেāĻļি āϏ্āĻ্āϰিāĻ āĻĢুāĻĄ āĻŦিāĻ্āϰেāϤা āĻĒ্āϰāĻļিāĻ্āώāĻŖ āĻĒেāϝ়েāĻেāύ।
- Already, more than 6,000 street food vendors have been trained in the western region.
- āĻāĻĻ্āĻŦোāϧāύেāϰ āĻĻিāύে ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļ-āϰ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻŦিāĻ্āϰেāϤা āĻĒ্āϰāĻļিāĻ্āώāĻŖ āύেāύ; āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ āĻšāϞো ā§§ā§Ļ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ-āĻāϰ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻŦিāĻ্āϰেāϤাāĻে āĻ āύ্āϤāϰ্āĻুāĻ্āϤ āĻāϰা।
Recently, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated National Highway projects in New Delhi worth around how much?
Explanations :
āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āĻŽোāĻĻী āĻĻিāϞ্āϞিāϤে ā§§ā§§,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻোāĻি āĻাāĻাāϰ āĻŽāĻšাāϏāĻĄ়āĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻāϞ্āĻĒেāϰ āĻāĻĻ্āĻŦোāϧāύ āĻāϰāϞেāύ |
PM Modi Inaugurates ₹11,000-Crore Highway Projects in Delhi
- Event: ā§§ā§ āĻāĻāϏ্āĻ ā§¨ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ-āĻ āϰোāĻšিāύীāϤে āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āύāϰেāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻŽোāĻĻী āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰāĻা āĻāĻ্āϏāĻĒ্āϰেāϏāĻāϝ়েāϰ āĻĻিāϞ্āϞি āĻ ংāĻļ āĻāĻŦং āĻāϰāĻŦাāύ āĻāĻ্āϏāĻেāύāĻļāύ āϰোāĻĄ-II (UER-II) āĻāĻĻ্āĻŦোāϧāύ āĻāϰেāύ।
- Event: On 17 August 2025 in Rohini, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Delhi section of Dwarka Expressway and Urban Extension Road-II (UER-II).
- āĻŦ্āϝāϝ়: āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ় ₹ā§§ā§§,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻোāĻি āĻাāĻাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻāϞ্āĻĒ।
- Cost: Projects worth nearly ₹11,000 crore.
āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ / Purpose
- āĻĻিāϞ্āϞিāϰ āĻāύাāϰ āĻ āĻāĻāĻাāϰ āϰিং āϰোāĻĄ āĻāĻŦং āϝাāύāĻāĻāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻাāϝ়āĻা (āĻŽুāĻাāϰāĻŦা āĻৌāĻ, āĻĸৌāϞা āĻুāϝ়াāύ, NH-09) āĻĨেāĻে āĻাāĻĒ āĻāĻŽাāύো।
- To ease congestion on Delhi’s Inner and Outer Ring Roads and major choke points (Mukarba Chowk, Dhaula Kuan, NH-09).
- āϏিংāĻু āĻŦāϰ্āĻĄাāϰ āĻĨেāĻে āĻŦিāĻŽাāύāĻŦāύ্āĻĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āϝাāϤ্āϰাāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ ā§Ēā§Ļ āĻŽিāύিāĻে āύাāĻŽিāϝ়ে āĻāύা।
- To cut travel time from Singhu Border to the airport to just 40 minutes.
- āĻĻিāϞ্āϞি-āĻāύāϏিāĻāϰেāϰ āĻেāϤāϰে āϝোāĻাāϝোāĻ āĻāϰāĻ āĻāύ্āύāϤ āĻāϰা।
- To improve connectivity within Delhi-NCR.
āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰীāϰ āĻŦāĻ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ / PM’s Remarks
- āĻĻিāϞ্āϞিāĻে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŽাāύেāϰ āϰাāĻāϧাāύী āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻāĻĄ়ে āϤোāϞা āĻšāĻŦে।
- Delhi will be developed as a world-class capital.
- āĻāϞāϏ্āĻŦা āĻĄাāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻāϝ়াāϰ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻŦāϰ্āĻ্āϝ āĻĒুāύāϰ্āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰে UER-II āϤৈāϰি āĻšāϝ়েāĻে → āϝা āĻĒāϰিāĻ্āĻāύ্āύ āĻ āĻেāĻāϏāĻ āĻāύ্āύāϝ়āύেāϰ āĻĻৃāώ্āĻাāύ্āϤ।
- Waste from the Bhalswa landfill was reused in UER-II construction → an example of clean and sustainable development.
- āĻĻিāϞ্āϞি āĻāĻāύ āĻাāϰāϤেāϰ āĻ āϤীāϤ āĻ āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϏেāϤুāĻŦāύ্āϧāύ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻāĻŦিāϰ্āĻূāϤ āĻšāĻ্āĻে।
- Delhi is now emerging as a bridge between India’s past and future.
- āϏāϰāĻাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻļ্āϰুāϤি āĻĻিāϝ়েāĻে, āĻāĻাāĻŽী āĻĻিāύে āĻĻিāϞ্āϞিāϰ āϝাāύāĻāĻ āĻ āϰ্āϧেāĻ āĻāĻŽাāύো āĻšāĻŦে।
- The government has pledged to cut Delhi’s traffic by 50% in the coming years.
The Ministry of Ayush is hosting the 30th Ayurveda Seminar on Child Health in which city?
Explanations:
ā§Šā§ĻāϤāĻŽ āĻাāϤীāϝ় āϏেāĻŽিāύাāϰ: āĻāϝ়ুāϰ্āĻŦেāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻļিāĻļুāϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ
30th National Seminar on Paediatrics through Ayurveda
- āĻāϝ়োāĻāĻ: āϰাāώ্āĻ্āϰীāϝ় āĻāϝ়ুāϰ্āĻŦেāĻĻ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāĻĒীāĻ (RAV), āĻāϝ়ুāώ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻ।
- Organizer: Rashtriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth (RAV), Ministry of Ayush.
- āĻĨিāĻŽ: āĻāϝ়ুāϰ্āĻŦেāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻļিāĻļুāϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝে āĻ āϏুāϏ্āĻĨāϤা āĻ āϏুāϏ্āĻĨāϤাāϰ āϏাāĻŽāĻ্āϰিāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύা।
- Theme: Management of Illness & Wellness in Paediatrics through Ayurveda.
- āϤাāϰিāĻ āĻ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ: ā§§ā§Ž–⧧⧝ āĻāĻāϏ্āĻ ā§¨ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ, āϏ্āĻোāĻĒ āĻāĻŽāĻĒ্āϞেāĻ্āϏ āĻ āĻĄিāĻোāϰিāϝ়াāĻŽ, āϞোāϧি āϰোāĻĄ, āύāϝ়াāĻĻিāϞ্āϞি।
- Dates & Venue: 18–19 August 2025, Scope Complex Auditorium, Lodhi Road, New Delhi.
- āĻ ংāĻļāĻ্āϰāĻšāĻŖāĻাāϰী: āĻāϝ়ুāϰ্āĻŦেāĻĻ āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻ্āĻ, āĻিāĻিā§āϏāĻ, āĻāĻŦেāώāĻ āĻ āĻļিāĻ্āώাāϰ্āĻĨীāϰা।
- Participants: Ayurveda scholars, practitioners, researchers, and students.
- āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āύেāϤৃāϤ্āĻŦে: āĻļ্āϰী āĻĒ্āϰāϤাāĻĒāϰাāĻ āĻাāϧāĻŦ, āĻŦৈāĻĻ্āϝ āϰাāĻেāĻļ āĻোāĻ েāĻা, āĻŦৈāĻĻ্āϝ āĻĻেāĻŦিāύ্āĻĻāϰ āϤ্āϰিāĻুāĻŖা।
- Key Leaders: Shri Prataprao Jadhav, Vaidya Rajesh Kotecha, Vaidya Devinder Triguna.
āĻŽূāϞ āĻāĻāϰ্āώāĻŖ / Highlights
- āĻŦৈāĻ্āĻাāύিāĻ āĻāĻŦেāώāĻŖাāĻĒāϤ্āϰ āĻ āĻĒোāϏ্āĻাāϰ āĻāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύা।
- Presentation of scientific research papers and posters.
- āĻļিāĻļুāϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϰোāϧāĻŽূāϞāĻ āĻ āĻāύ্āύāϝ়āύāĻŽূāϞāĻ āĻĒāϰিāĻāϰ্āϝা āύিāϝ়ে āĻāύ্āĻাāϰāĻ ্āϝাāĻāĻিāĻ āϏেāĻļāύ।
- Interactive sessions on preventive and promotive child healthcare.
- āĻ ংāĻļāĻ্āϰāĻšāĻŖāĻাāϰীāĻĻেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āϏ্āĻŽাāϰāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻ āϏেāĻŽিāύাāϰ āĻিāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ।
- Release of souvenir and distribution of seminar kits for participants.
- āϏাāϰ্āĻিāĻĢিāĻেāĻ āĻ āĻ্āϰেāĻĄিāĻ āĻĒāϝ়েāύ্āĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ।
- Awarding of participation certificates and credit points.
āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ / Objective
- āĻļিāĻļুāϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝে āĻāϝ়ুāϰ্āĻŦেāĻĻেāϰ āϏাāĻŽāĻ্āϰিāĻ āĻূāĻŽিāĻা āϤুāϞে āϧāϰা āĻāĻŦং āϏāĻŽāύ্āĻŦিāϤ āĻāĻŦেāώāĻŖাāĻে āĻā§āϏাāĻšিāϤ āĻāϰা।
- To showcase Ayurveda’s holistic role in child healthcare and encourage collaborative research.
Who has been given additional charge as the Governor of Nagaland?
Explanations :
āĻ āĻāϝ় āĻুāĻŽাāϰ āĻāϞ্āϞা – āύাāĻাāϞ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āύāϤুāύ āĻ āϤিāϰিāĻ্āϤ āĻĻাāϝ়িāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āϰাāĻĒ্āϤ āϰাāĻ্āϝāĻĒাāϞ |
Ajay Kumar Bhalla – New Additional Charge as Nagaland Governor
- āĻĒāϰিāϏ্āĻĨিāϤি: āύাāĻাāϞ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āϰাāĻ্āϝāĻĒাāϞ āϞা. āĻāĻŖেāĻļāύ-āĻāϰ āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āĻĒāϰ āĻāĻ āύিāϝ়োāĻ āĻāϰা āĻšāϝ়েāĻে।
- Occasion: Appointment made after the demise of Nagaland Governor La. Ganesan.
- āύিāϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি: āĻ āĻāϝ় āĻুāĻŽাāϰ āĻāϞ্āϞা, āϝিāύি āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύে āĻŽāĻŖিāĻĒুāϰেāϰ āϰাāĻ্āϝāĻĒাāϞ।
- Appointee: Ajay Kumar Bhalla, who is currently the Governor of Manipur.
- āύāϤুāύ āĻĻাāϝ়িāϤ্āĻŦ: āύাāĻাāϞ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āϰাāĻ্āϝāĻĒাāϞেāϰ āĻ āϤিāϰিāĻ্āϤ āĻĻাāϝ়িāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĒাāĻŦেāύ।
- New Role: He will hold additional charge as Governor of Nagaland.
- āύিāϝ়োāĻ āĻāϰ্āϤৃāĻĒāĻ্āώ: āϰাāώ্āĻ্āϰāĻĒāϤি āĻĻ্āϰৌāĻĒāĻĻী āĻŽুāϰ্āĻŽু।
- Authority: Appointed by President Droupadi Murmu.
- āϏূāϤ্āϰ: āϰাāώ্āĻ্āϰāĻĒāϤি āĻāĻŦāύেāϰ āĻŦিāĻ্āĻāĻĒ্āϤি, ā§§ā§ āĻāĻāϏ্āĻ ā§¨ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ।
- Source: Rashtrapati Bhavan communiquÊ, 17 August 2025.
āύাāĻাāϞ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄ āĻāĻ āύāĻāϰে
Nagaland at a Glance
- āĻ āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻ āϰাāĻāϧাāύী: āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ-āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦ āĻাāϰāϤেāϰ āϰাāĻ্āϝ। āĻাāϰāĻĻিāĻে āĻāϏাāĻŽ, āĻ āϰুāĻŖাāĻāϞ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻেāĻļ, āĻŽāĻŖিāĻĒুāϰ āĻ āĻŽাāϝ়াāύāĻŽাāϰ। āϰাāĻāϧাāύী: āĻোāĻšিāĻŽা।
- Location & Capital: Northeastern state of India, bordered by Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, and Myanmar. Capital: Kohima.
- āĻāϝ়āϤāύ āĻ āĻāύāϏংāĻ্āϝা: ā§§ā§Ŧ,ā§Ģā§ā§¯ āĻŦāϰ্āĻāĻিāĻŽি āĻāϞাāĻা; āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ় ⧍ā§Ļ āϞāĻ্āώ āĻŽাāύুāώ (⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§§ āĻ āύুāϝাāϝ়ী)।
- Area & Population: Covers 16,579 sq km; population about 2 million (2011 census).
- āĻূāĻোāϞ: āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύāϤ āĻĒাāĻšাāĻĄ়ি; āϏāϰ্āĻŦোāĻ্āĻ āĻļৃāĻ্āĻ āĻŽাāĻāύ্āĻ āϏাāϰাāĻŽাāĻি (ā§Š,ā§Žā§¨ā§Ŧ āĻŽি)। āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āύāĻĻী: āĻĻোāϝ়াং, āĻĻিāĻু, āĻŦāϰাāĻ।
- Geography: Mostly mountainous; highest peak Mount Saramati (3,826 m). Major rivers: Doyang, Dikhu, Barak.
- āĻāĻŦāĻšাāĻāϝ়া: āĻŽৌāϏুāĻŽি āĻŦৃāώ্āĻি (ā§§,ā§Žā§Ļā§Ļ–⧍,ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŽিāĻŽি); āĻāϰāĻŽ āĻ্āϰীāώ্āĻŽ, āĻļীāϤāϞ āĻļীāϤāĻাāϞ।
- Climate: Monsoonal climate with heavy rainfall (1,800–2,500 mm); hot summers and cool winters.
- āĻāĻĻ্āĻিāĻĻ āĻ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖী: āĻিāϰāϏāĻŦুāĻ āĻ āĻļāĻ্āĻুāϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻŦāύ; āĻŦāύ্āϝāĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖীāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻšাāϤি, āĻŦাāĻ, āĻšāϰ্āύāĻŦিāϞ, āĻšāϰিāĻŖ, āĻĒ্āϝাāĻ্āĻোāϞিāύ āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি।
- Flora & Fauna: Evergreen and coniferous forests; wildlife includes elephants, tigers, hornbills, deer, pangolins, etc.
- āĻŽাāύুāώ āĻ āĻাāώা: ⧍ā§ĻāĻিāϰāĻ āĻŦেāĻļি āύাāĻা āĻāĻĒāĻাāϤি (āĻোāύিāϝ়াāĻ, āĻ’āĻ, āĻāĻ্āĻাāĻŽী, āϏেāĻŽা, āĻাংāĻুāϞ āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি); āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ় ā§Ŧā§ĻāĻি āĻāĻĒāĻাāώা। āϏāϰāĻাāϰিāĻাāώা āĻংāϰেāĻি।
- People & Language: Home to over 20 Naga tribes (Konyak, Ao, Angami, Sema, Tangkhul, etc.); nearly 60 dialects. English is the official language.
- āϧāϰ্āĻŽ: āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨাāĻāϤāĻাāĻŦে āĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖāĻŦাāĻĻী āĻšāϞেāĻ āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύে āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ় āĻĻুāĻ-āϤৃāϤীāϝ়াংāĻļ āĻŽাāύুāώ āĻ্āϰিāϏ্āĻাāύ (āĻŽূāϞāϤ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒāĻিāϏ্āĻ)। āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু āĻ āĻŽুāϏāϞāĻŽাāύāĻ āϰāϝ়েāĻে।
- Religion: Traditionally animistic, but now about two-thirds Christian (mostly Baptist). Hindus and Muslims are also present.
- āĻŦাāϏāϏ্āĻĨাāύ: āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύāϤ āĻ্āϰাāĻŽীāĻŖ āĻীāĻŦāύ; āĻĒাāĻšাāĻĄ়েāϰ āĻĸাāϞে āĻ্āϰাāĻŽ। āĻŦāĻĄ় āĻļāĻšāϰ: āĻĻিāĻŽাāĻĒুāϰ āĻ āĻোāĻšিāĻŽা।
- Settlement: Mostly rural, with villages on hill ridges. Major towns: Dimapur and Kohima.
- āĻ āϰ্āĻĨāύীāϤি: āĻৃāώিāύিāϰ্āĻāϰ – āϧাāύ, āĻুāĻ্āĻা, āĻŦাāĻāϰা, āĻāϞু, āϤেāϞāĻŦীāĻ, āϤাāĻŽাāĻ; āĻুāĻŽ āĻাāώ āĻĒ্āϰāĻāϞিāϤ। āĻŦāύāĻ āĻ āĻšāϏ্āϤāĻļিāϞ্āĻĒ (āĻŦāϝ়āύ, āĻাāĻ েāϰ āĻাāĻ, āĻŦাঁāĻļেāϰ āĻুāĻĄ়ি āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি) āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ। āĻĻিāĻŽাāĻĒুāϰ āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒāĻেāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ।
- Economy: Primarily agricultural – rice, maize, millet, potato, oilseeds, tobacco; shifting (jhum) cultivation is common. Forestry and handicrafts (weaving, woodwork, basketry) are important. Dimapur is the industrial hub.
- āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻ āĻ āĻļāĻ্āϤি: āĻāϝ়āϞা, āϏাāĻŽাāύ্āϝ āϤেāϞ, āĻুāύাāĻĒাāĻĨāϰ, āĻ্āώুāĻĻ্āϰ āĻāύিāĻ। āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝুā§ āĻŽূāϞāϤ āĻĄিāĻেāϞ āĻ āĻāϞāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝুā§ āĻĨেāĻে।
- Resources & Power: Coal, traces of oil, limestone, and minor minerals. Power mainly from diesel and hydro sources.
- āĻļাāϏāύāĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা: ⧧⧝ā§Ŧā§Š āϏাāϞে āϰাāĻ্āϝেāϰ āĻŽāϰ্āϝাāĻĻা āĻĒাāϝ়। ā§Ŧā§Ļ āĻāϏāύেāϰ āĻŦিāϧাāύāϏāĻা; āϰাāĻ্āϝāĻĒাāϞ āϰাāώ্āĻ্āϰāĻĒāϤিāϰ āύিāϝ়োāĻāĻĒ্āϰাāĻĒ্āϤ। āĻāĻĒāĻাāϤীāϝ় āĻĒāϰিāώāĻĻāĻুāϞিāϰ āϏ্āĻŦাāϝ়āϤ্āϤāĻļাāϏāύ āϰāϝ়েāĻে।
- Government: Became a state in 1963 with a 60-member assembly. Governor is appointed by the President of India. Local tribal councils enjoy autonomy.
- āĻļিāĻ্āώা āĻ āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ: āϏাāĻ্āώāϰāϤাāϰ āĻšাāϰ āĻাāϤীāϝ় āĻāĻĄ়েāϰ āĻেāϝ়ে āĻŦেāĻļি (ā§Žā§Ļ%+)। āύাāĻাāϞ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ় āĻ āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āĻāϞেāĻ āϰāϝ়েāĻে। āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝāϏেāĻŦাāϝ় āϝāĻ্āώ্āĻŽা, āĻŽ্āϝাāϞেāϰিāϝ়া āĻ āĻĒাāύীāϝ় āĻāϞেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻāϰ্āĻŽāϏূāĻি āĻাāϞু।
- Education & Health: Literacy rate is above the national average (>80%). Nagaland University and colleges exist. Health programs for TB, malaria, and safe drinking water are active.
What is the mascot of Asia Cup Hockey 2025?
āĻĒুāϰুāώ āĻšāĻি āĻāĻļিāϝ়া āĻাāĻĒ ā§¨ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ – āĻŽুāĻ্āϝāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰীāϰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ্āϰāĻĢি āĻ āĻŽাāϏāĻāĻ āĻāύ্āĻŽোāĻāύ āĻšā§ ।
CM Unveils Trophy & Mascot for Men’s Hockey Asia Cup 2025
- āĻāϝ়োāĻিāϤ āĻāĻেāύ্āĻ: āĻĒুāϰুāώ āĻšāĻি āĻāĻļিāϝ়া āĻাāĻĒ ā§¨ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ (⧧⧍āϤāĻŽ āϏংāϏ্āĻāϰāĻŖ)
Event: Men’s Hockey Asia Cup 2025 (12th edition) - āϤাāϰিāĻ: ⧍⧝ āĻāĻāϏ্āĻ – ⧝ āϏেāĻĒ্āĻেāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰ ⧍ā§Ļ⧍ā§Ģ
Dates: August 29 – September 9, 2025 - āϏ্āĻĨাāύ: āϰাāĻāĻীāϰ āϏ্āĻĒোāϰ্āĻāϏ āĻāĻŽāĻĒ্āϞেāĻ্āϏ, āύাāϞāύ্āĻĻা, āĻŦিāĻšাāϰ (āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽāĻŦাāϰ āĻŦিāĻšাāϰ āĻāϝ়োāĻāĻ)
Venue: Rajgir Sports Complex, Nalanda, Bihar (first time Bihar is hosting) - āĻāύ্āĻŽোāĻāύ: āĻŽুāĻ্āϝāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āύীāϤীāĻļ āĻুāĻŽাāϰ āĻ্āϰāĻĢি āĻ āĻŽাāϏāĻāĻ ‘āĻļুāĻāĻ্āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ’ āĻāύ্āĻŽোāĻāύ āĻāϰেāύ
Unveiling: CM Nitish Kumar unveiled the trophy and mascot ‘Shubhankar Chand’ - āĻ
ংāĻļāĻ্āϰāĻšāĻŖāĻাāϰী āĻĻāϞ (ā§Ž): āĻাāϰāϤ, āĻীāύ, āĻাāĻĒাāύ, āĻাāĻāύিāĻ āϤাāĻāĻĒেāĻ, āĻŽাāϞāϝ়েāĻļিāϝ়া, āĻĻāĻ্āώিāĻŖ āĻোāϰিāϝ়া, āĻāĻŽাāύ, āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ
Teams Participating (8): India, China, Japan, Chinese Taipei, Malaysia, South Korea, Oman, Bangladesh - āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦāϤāύ āĻ্āϝাāĻŽ্āĻĒিāϝ়āύ: āĻĻāĻ্āώিāĻŖ āĻোāϰিāϝ়া (ā§Ģ āĻŦাāϰ), āĻাāϰāϤ (ā§Š āĻŦাāϰ), āĻĒাāĻিāϏ্āϤাāύ (ā§Š āĻŦাāϰ)
Past Champions: South Korea (5 wins), India (3), Pakistan (3) - āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ: āĻŦিāĻāϝ়ী āĻĻāϞ āϏāϰাāϏāϰি āĻšāĻি āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻাāĻĒে āĻ
ংāĻļāĻ্āϰāĻšāĻŖেāϰ āϝোāĻ্āϝāϤা āĻ
āϰ্āĻāύ āĻāϰāĻŦে
Significance: Winner secures automatic qualification for the Hockey World Cup - āĻ্āϰāĻĢি āĻৌāϰāĻŦ āϝাāϤ্āϰা: āĻŦিāĻšাāϰেāϰ āϏāĻŦ ā§Šā§ŽāĻি āĻেāϞা + āĻেāύ্āύাāĻ, āĻāĻŖ্āĻĄীāĻāĻĄ়, āĻĻিāϞ্āϞি, āĻāĻĄিāĻļা, āĻāϏাāĻŽ, āĻাāĻĄ়āĻāĻŖ্āĻĄে āĻ্āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻŦে
Trophy Gaurav Yatra: Will travel across all 38 Bihar districts + Chennai, Chandigarh, Delhi, Odisha, Assam, Jharkhand
āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ: āϝুāĻŦ āϏāĻŽাāĻেāϰ āĻāĻ্āϰāĻš āĻŦাāĻĄ়াāύো, āĻ্āϰীāĻĄ়া āϏংāϏ্āĻৃāϤি āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϰ āĻāĻŦং āĻŦিāĻšাāϰেāϰ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒী āĻাāĻŦāĻŽূāϰ্āϤি āĻāύ্āύāϝ়āύ
Objective: Promote youth
Who is the editor of the book Bihu: The Agricultural Festival of Assam?
Where did Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin hold talks on the Ukraine war?
Explanations :
About Alaska :
- āϰাāώ্āĻ্āϰেāϰ āĻŽāϰ্āϝাāĻĻা: āϝুāĻ্āϤāϰাāώ্āĻ্āϰেāϰ ā§Ē⧝āϤāĻŽ āĻ
āĻ্āĻāϰাāĻ্āϝ, ā§Š āĻাāύুāϝ়াāϰি 1959 āϏাāϞে āϏ্āĻŦীāĻৃāϤি āĻĒাāϝ়।
Statehood: 49th U.S. state, admitted on January 3, 1959. - āϰাāĻāϧাāύী: āĻুāύো; āϏāĻŦāĻেāϝ়ে āĻŦāĻĄ় āĻļāĻšāϰ: āĻ
্āϝাāĻ্āĻোāϰেāĻ।
Capital: Juneau; Largest city: Anchorage. - āĻāϝ়āϤāύ: āϝুāĻ্āϤāϰাāώ্āĻ্āϰেāϰ āϏāĻŦāĻেāϝ়ে āĻŦāĻĄ় āϰাāĻ্āϝ – āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ় 1.7 āĻŽিāϞিāϝ়āύ km²।
Area: Largest U.S. state – ~1.7 million km². - āĻāύāϏংāĻ্āϝা: āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ় 7.4 āϞাāĻ (2024 āĻ
āύুāĻŽাāύ); āĻāύāϤ্āĻŦ āĻুāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŽ (~1.2 āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻŦāϰ্āĻ āĻŽাāĻāϞ)।
Population: ~7.4 lakh (2024 est.); very low density (~1.2 per sq. mile). - āĻূāĻোāϞ: āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻাāύাāĻĄা, āĻāϤ্āϤāϰে āĻāϰ্āĻāĻিāĻ āĻŽāĻšাāϏাāĻāϰ, āĻĻāĻ্āώিāĻŖ āĻ āĻĒāĻļ্āĻিāĻŽে āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāύ্āϤ āĻŽāĻšাāϏাāĻāϰ। āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻāϞেāĻāĻļিāϝ়াāύ āĻĻ্āĻŦীāĻĒāĻĒুāĻ্āĻ āϰāϝ়েāĻে, āϝা āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦ āĻোāϞাāϰ্āϧ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻŦিāϏ্āϤৃāϤ।
Geography: Borders Canada (east), Arctic Ocean (north), Pacific Ocean (south & west). Includes Aleutian Islands (extend into Eastern Hemisphere). - āϏāϰ্āĻŦোāĻ্āĻ āĻļৃāĻ্āĻ: āĻĄেāύাāϞি (āĻŽাāĻāύ্āĻ āĻŽ্āϝাāĻāĻিāύāϞি) – 6,194 āĻŽিāĻাāϰ, āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻāĻŽেāϰিāĻাāϰ āϏāĻŦāĻেāϝ়ে āĻঁāĻু āĻĒাāĻšাāĻĄ়।
Highest Peak: Denali (Mount McKinley) – 6,194 m, tallest in North America. - āĻĒ্āϰাāĻৃāϤিāĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻ: āϤেāϞ āĻ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻৃāϤিāĻ āĻ্āϝাāϏে āϏāĻŽৃāĻĻ্āϧ (āĻĒ্āϰুāĻĄāĻšো āĻŦে); āĻ্āϰাāύ্āϏ-āĻāϞাāϏ্āĻা āĻĒাāĻāĻĒāϞাāĻāύ āĻ
āĻĒāϰিāĻļোāϧিāϤ āϤেāϞ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāĻšāύ āĻāϰে।
Natural Resources: Rich in oil & natural gas (Prudhoe Bay); Trans-Alaska Pipeline transports crude. - āĻŽā§āϏ্āϝ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻ: āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āϏাāĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰিāĻ āĻাāĻĻ্āϝ āϰāĻĒ্āϤাāύিāĻাāϰāĻ (āϏ্āϝাāϞāĻŽāύ, āĻাঁāĻāĻĄ়া, āĻš্āϝাāϞিāĻŦাāĻ)।
Seafood: Major seafood exporter (salmon, crab, halibut). - āĻ
āϰ্āĻĨāύীāϤি: āĻোāύো āϰাāĻ্āϝ āĻāϝ়āĻāϰ āύেāĻ; āĻŦাāϏিāύ্āĻĻাāϰা āĻĒাāϰ্āĻŽাāύেāύ্āĻ āĻĢাāύ্āĻĄ (āϤেāϞ āĻāϝ়েāϰ āĻিāϤ্āϤিāϤে) āĻĨেāĻে āϞāĻ্āϝাংāĻļ āĻĒাāύ।
Economy: No state income tax; residents get dividend from Permanent Fund (oil revenue). - āĻšিāĻŽāĻŦাāĻš: 100,000 āĻāϰ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻšিāĻŽāĻŦাāĻš।
Glaciers: Over 100,000 glaciers. - āĻāĻĻিāĻŦাāϏী āĻāύāĻোāώ্āĻ ী: āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ় 22% āύেāĻিāĻ āĻāύāϏংāĻ্āϝা (āĻāύুāĻāĻ, āĻāϞেāĻāĻ, āĻ্āϞিāĻ্āĻিāĻ āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি)।
Indigenous Peoples: ~22% Native population (Inuit, Aleut, Tlingit, etc.). - āĻāĻĒāύাāĻŽ: “āĻĻ্āϝ āϞাāϏ্āĻ āĻĢ্āϰāύ্āĻিāϝ়াāϰ”।
Nickname: “The Last Frontier”. - āĻ্āϰীāώ্āĻŽে āĻŽিāĻĄāύাāĻāĻ āϏাāύ (⧍ā§Ē āĻāĻŖ্āĻা āĻĻিāύেāϰ āĻāϞো) āĻāĻŦং āĻāϰ্āĻāĻিāĻ āĻ
āĻ্āĻāϞে āĻļীāϤāĻাāϞে āĻĒোāϞাāϰ āύাāĻāĻ।
Midnight Sun (24-hour daylight in summer) and Polar Night in Arctic areas. - Event: āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻŦāĻāϰ āĻāĻĄিāĻাāϰāĻĄ āĻুāĻুāϰ-āϏ্āϞেāĻ āĻĻৌāĻĄ় āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϝোāĻিāϤা āĻ
āύুāώ্āĻ িāϤ āĻšāϝ়।
Event: Hosts Iditarod sled dog race annually.
Where has ISRO set up the new space laboratory?
Explanations :
āĻāϏāϰো – āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ / ISRO
- āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒ: āĻāύ্āĻĄিāϝ়াāύ āϏ্āĻĒেāϏ āϰিāϏাāϰ্āĻ āĻ
āϰ্āĻাāύাāĻāĻেāĻļāύ
Full Form: Indian Space Research Organisation - āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ া: 1969 (āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦāϏূāϰি INCOSPAR – 1962)
Founded: 1969 (successor of INCOSPAR, 1962) - āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāϤা / āĻāϏāϰোāϰ āĻāύāĻ: āĻĄ. āĻŦিāĻ্āϰāĻŽ āϏাāϰাāĻাāĻ
Founder / Father of ISRO: Dr. Vikram Sarabhai - āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻাāϰ্āϝাāϞāϝ়: āĻŦেāĻ্āĻাāϞুāϰু, āĻāϰ্āĻŖাāĻāĻ
Headquarters: Bengaluru, Karnataka - āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻেāϝ়াāϰāĻŽ্āϝাāύ (2025): āĻি. āύাāϰাāϝ়āĻŖāύ
Current Chairman (2025): V. Narayanan - āĻোāύ āĻŦিāĻাāĻেāϰ āĻ
āϧীāύে: āĻŽāĻšাāĻাāĻļ āĻŦিāĻাāĻ → āϏāϰাāϏāϰি āĻাāϰāϤেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰীāϰ āĻ
āϧীāύে
Works under: Department of Space → directly under Prime Minister of India
āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āϞāĻ্āĻ āĻেāĻšিāĻāϞ / Major Launch Vehicles
- PSLV (āĻĒোāϞাāϰ āϏ্āϝাāĻেāϞাāĻāĻ āϞāĻ্āĻ āĻেāĻšিāĻāϞ)
PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) - GSLV (āĻিāĻāϏিāĻ্āĻ্āϰোāύাāϏ āϏ্āϝাāĻেāϞাāĻāĻ āϞāĻ্āĻ āĻেāĻšিāĻāϞ)
GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) - SSLV (āϏ্āĻŽāϞ āϏ্āϝাāĻেāϞাāĻāĻ āϞāĻ্āĻ āĻেāĻšিāĻāϞ)
SSLV (Small Satellite Launch Vehicle)
āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āϏ্āϝাāĻেāϞাāĻāĻ / āϏিāϏ্āĻেāĻŽ / Important Satellites / Systems
- INSAT → āϝোāĻাāϝোāĻ āĻāĻĒāĻ্āϰāĻš
INSAT → Communication Satellites - IRS → āϰিāĻŽোāĻ āϏেāύ্āϏিং āĻāĻĒāĻ্āϰāĻš
IRS → Remote Sensing Satellites - NavIC → āĻাāϰāϤীāϝ় āĻিāĻĒিāĻāϏ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা
NavIC → Indian GPS System
Major Space Missions
- āĻāύ্āĻĻ্āϰāϝাāύ–1 (2008) – āĻাঁāĻĻে āĻāϞেāϰ āĻ
āϏ্āϤিāϤ্āĻŦ āĻāĻŦিāώ্āĻাāϰ
Chandrayaan–1 (2008) – Found water on Moon - āĻŽāĻ্āĻāϞāϝাāύ (2013) – āĻŽāĻ্āĻāϞ āĻāĻ্āώāĻĒāĻĨ āĻŽিāĻļāύ; āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻেāώ্āĻাāϤেāĻ āϏāĻĢāϞ
Mangalyaan (2013) – Mars Orbiter Mission; success in 1st attempt - āĻāύ্āĻĻ্āϰāϝাāύ–3 (2023) – āĻাঁāĻĻেāϰ āĻĻāĻ্āώিāĻŖ āĻŽেāϰুāϤে āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āϏāĻĢāĻ āϞ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄিং
Chandrayaan–3 (2023) – First soft landing on Moon’s South Pole - āĻāĻĻিāϤ্āϝ-L1 (2023) – āĻাāϰāϤেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āϏৌāϰ āĻŽিāĻļāύ
Aditya-L1 (2023) – India’s first Solar Mission - NISAR (2025) – āĻাāϰāϤ-āĻāĻŽেāϰিāĻা āϝৌāĻĨ āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦী āĻĒāϰ্āϝāĻŦেāĻ্āώāĻŖ āĻāĻĒāĻ্āϰāĻš
NISAR (2025) – Indo-US Earth Monitoring Satellite - SpaDeX (2025) – āĻাāϰāϤেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āϏ্āĻĒেāϏ āĻĄāĻিং āĻŽিāĻļāύ
SpaDeX (2025) – India’s first Space Docking Mission
Kishtwar district, recently hit by a cloudburst, shares its border with which state?
Explanations :
āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ - Himachal Pradesh
- āϰাāĻ্āϝ āĻāĻ āύ: āĻšিāĻŽাāĻāϞ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻেāĻļ 1971 āϏাāϞে āĻাāϰāϤেāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āϰাāĻ্āϝ āĻšāϝ়।
State Formation: Became a full state of India in 1971. - āϰাāĻāϧাāύী: āĻļিāĻŽāϞা (āĻ্āϰীāώ্āĻŽāĻাāϞীāύ) āĻ āϧāϰ্āĻŽāĻļাāϞা (āĻļীāϤāĻাāϞীāύ, 2017 āĻĨেāĻে)।
Capital: Shimla (summer) & Dharamshala (winter, from 2017). - āĻāϝ়āϤāύ: 55,673 āĻŦāϰ্āĻāĻিāĻŽি (āĻĒাāĻšাāĻĄ়ি āĻূāĻāĻŖ্āĻĄ)।
Area: 55,673 km² (mountainous terrain). - āĻāύāϏংāĻ্āϝা (2011 āĻāύāĻļুāĻŽাāϰি): āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ় 7.78 āĻŽিāϞিāϝ়āύ।
Population (2011 Census): ~7.78 million. - āϏাāĻ্āώāϰāϤাāϰ āĻšাāϰ: 83.78% (āĻĒুāϰুāώ: 90.83%, āĻŽāĻšিāϞা: 76.60%)।
Literacy Rate: 83.78% (Male: 90.83%, Female: 76.60%). - āϞিāĻ্āĻ āĻ
āύুāĻĒাāϤ: āĻĒ্āϰāϤি 1000 āĻĒুāϰুāώে 972 āύাāϰী।
Sex Ratio: 972 females / 1000 males. - āĻাāώা: āĻšিāύ্āĻĻি (āϏāϰāĻাāϰি); āĻĒাāĻšাāĻĄ়ি āĻāĻĒāĻাāώা āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒāĻāĻাāĻŦে āĻĒ্āϰāĻāϞিāϤ।
Language: Hindi (official), Pahari dialects widely spoken. - āĻূāĻোāϞ: āĻāĻ্āĻāϤা 360 āĻŽিāĻাāϰ āĻĨেāĻে 6,500 āĻŽিāĻাāϰ; āĻāϞāĻŦাāϝ়ুāϰ āĻিāύ্āύāϤা (āĻāώ্āĻŖāĻŽāĻŖ্āĻĄāϞীāϝ় → āĻ
্āϝাāϞāĻĒাāĻāύ)।
Geography: Altitude from 360 m to 6,500 m; varied climate zones (tropical → alpine). - āĻŦāύাāĻ্āĻāϞ: āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ় 27.7%; āϏāĻŽৃāĻĻ্āϧ āĻীāĻŦāĻŦৈāĻিāϤ্āϰ্āϝ।
Forest Cover: ~27.7%; rich biodiversity. - āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻাāϤীāϝ় āĻāĻĻ্āϝাāύ: āĻ্āϰেāĻ āĻšিāĻŽাāϞāϝ়াāύ āύ্āϝাāĻļāύাāϞ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻ (āĻāĻāύেāϏ্āĻো āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦ āĻāϤিāĻš্āϝāĻŦাāĻšী āϏ্āĻĨাāύ)।
Major National Park: Great Himalayan National Park (UNESCO World Heritage Site). - āĻ
āϰ্āĻĨāύীāϤি: āĻৃāώি (~14%), āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒ (~42%), āĻĒāϰিāώেāĻŦা (~44%)।
Economy: Agriculture (~14%), Industry (~42%), Services (~44%). - āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻĢāϏāϞ: āĻāĻĒেāϞ (āĻাāϰāϤেāϰ "Apple State"), āĻুāĻ্āĻা, āĻāĻŽ, āϝāĻŦ।
Major Crops: Apples (state is known as “Apple State of India”), maize, wheat, barley. - āĻĒāϰ্āϝāĻāύ: āĻĒাāĻšাāĻĄ়ি āĻļāĻšāϰ (āĻļিāĻŽāϞা, āĻŽাāύাāϞি, āϧāϰ্āĻŽāĻļাāϞা, āĻĄাāϞāĻšৌāϏি), āĻ
্āϝাāĻĄāĻেāĻ্āĻাāϰ āϏ্āĻĒোāϰ্āĻāϏ (āĻ্āϰেāĻিং, āϏ্āĻিāĻং, āϰ্āϝাāĻĢāĻিং)।
Tourism: Hill stations (Shimla, Manali, Dharamshala, Dalhousie), adventure sports (trekking, skiing, rafting). - āĻāϤিāĻš্āϝ: āĻাāϞāĻা–āĻļিāĻŽāϞা āϰেāϞāĻāϝ়ে (āĻāĻāύেāϏ্āĻো āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦ āĻāϤিāĻš্āϝ)।
Heritage: Kalka–Shimla Railway (UNESCO World Heritage). - āϏংāϏ্āĻৃāϤি: āĻšāϏ্āϤāĻļিāϞ্āĻĒ (āĻĒāĻļāĻŽিāύা āĻļাāϞ, āĻšিāĻŽাāĻāϞি āĻুāĻĒি), āϞোāĻāύৃāϤ্āϝ āĻ āĻā§āϏāĻŦ (āĻুāϞ্āϞু āĻĻāĻļেāϰা) āĻāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻŦিāĻ্āϝাāϤ।
Culture: Famous for handicrafts (Pashmina shawls, Himachali caps), folk dances, and festivals (Kullu Dussehra). - āϧāϰ্āĻŽ: āϏংāĻ্āϝাāĻāϰিāώ্āĻ āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু; āĻāĻাāĻĄ়াāĻ āϞাāĻšৌāϞ-āϏ্āĻĒিāϤি āĻ āϧāϰ্āĻŽāĻļাāϞাāϝ় āĻŦৌāĻĻ্āϧ (āĻĻাāϞাāĻ āϞাāĻŽাāϰ āĻāĻŦাāϏāϏ্āĻĨāϞ)।
Religion: Majority Hindus; also Buddhists in Lahaul-Spiti & Dharamshala (Dalai Lama residence).
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18 August 2025 current affairs in bengali
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